CDK PART III

Question 1

buildup of nitrogenous waste products due to inability of the kidney to rid the body of waste products

BUN
creatinine

what is this?

Answer 1

azotemia

Question 2

build up of urea in the blood with symptoms

manifestations do not correlate with specific level of BUN

what is this?

Answer 2

uremia

Question 3

symptoms of uremic pericarditis?

Answer 3

fever, pleuritic chest pain, pericardial friction rub

ST elevations

life threatening

Question 4

bone pain, bone resorption, lytic lesions and fx due to CKD can lead to?

Answer 4

osteitis fibrosa

Question 5

deposition of calcium phosphate in arteries, joints, conjunctiva

calciphylaxis

what is this called?

Answer 5

metastatic calcification

Question 6

CKD causes hypo or hyperkalemia?

Answer 6

hyperkalemia

Question 7

tx for glomerular hyperfiltration?

Answer 7

ACE inhibitors and ARBs

Question 8

risks of SGLT-2 inhibitors in tx of T2DM?

Answer 8

genitourinary infections
euglycemic DKA in T1DM
higher risk of limb amputations1

Question 9

if the patient has identified CVD what can you use?

Answer 9

GLP-RA

for HTN, use CCBs, Diltiazem, Verapamil

Question 10

what can be used to slow progression of CKD and treat HTN?

Answer 10

mineralocorticoids
spironolactone
eplerenone

Question 11

managing volume overload in CKD?

Answer 11

dietary sodium restriction

diuretic therapy

Question 12

meds for tx of anemia in pts with CKD?

Answer 12

erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 13

management of uremia and bleeding?

Answer 13

platelet transfusion not recommended

dialysis
desmopressin
estrogen
cryoprecipitate

Question 14

management of uremia and bleeding?

Answer 14

platelet transfusion not recommended

dialysis
desmopressin
estrogen
cryoprecipitate

Question 15

target BP for CKD patients?

Answer 15

130/80

Question 16

indications for patients with CKD?

Answer 16

pericarditis 
progressive uremic encephalopathy or neuropathy 
fluid overload 
HTN
significant bleeding diathesis
persistent metabolic disturbances

Question 17

dialysis access?

Answer 17

primary AV fistula

Question 18

when is kidney transplantation is the tx of choice and best done when?

which donors have a better long term survival rate?

Answer 18

before the start of dialysis

living donor

Question 19

immunosuppressive therapy?

side effects?

Answer 19

calcineurin inhibitors
cyclosporine
tacrolimus
azathioprine
mycophenolate
prednisone

infection
malignancy
renal failure
bone marrow suppression
steroids