ANEMIA Flashcards
general causes?
hemopoietic stem cell injury
-immune mediated, drug, toxins
clonal hemopoietic cell mutation
-acute leukemia, myelodysplasia
bone marrow infiltration
-metastatic CA, lymphoma, myelofibrosis
defective maturation
-megaloblastic anemia
enhanced peripheral destruction
-hypersplenism, autoimmune (SLE)
MCV>100 fL is considered?
MCV<80 fL is considered?
macrocytic
- cobalamin (B12) deficiency
- folate deficiency
microcytic
- fe-deficiency anemia
- chronic disease anemia
- thalassemia
general causes of anemia?
decreased RBC production
RBC destruction
bleeding
tests for iron?
iron
transferrin (TIBC)
an index of the fractional iron saturation of transferrin?
ex. iron deficiency, low serum iron, elevated total transferrin would show up on lab results
transferrin saturation
name this anemia?
decrease in mean red cell hemoglobin
- Fe-deficiency anemia
- thalassemia
- sideroblastic anemia
microcytic anemia
most prevalent cause of anemia worldwide
blood loss
worldwide:parasites
what is this anemia?
iron deficiency anemia
PICA and koilonychia are classic signs of?
labs: low Hgb and Hct low MCV hypochromia pencil cells and target cells serum Fe is low TIBC high decreased transferrin saturation serum ferritin is low
iron deficiency anemia
dtx for iron deficiency anemia?
oral ferrous sulfate
-heartburn, constipation
IV iron
chronic disease anemia presents as?
serum Fe is low
ferritin levels are elevated
microcytic anemia due to defective production of alpha and beta globin resulting in an imbalance of globin production
ineffective erythropoiesis
hemolysis
thalassemia
most common type of thalassemia?
beta
major indicators in diagnosis of beta thalassemia?
tx
target cells
red blood cell transfusion iron chelation splenectomy stem cell transplantation gene therapy
name this anemia?
acquired or hereditary block in the incorporation of iron into heme in RBCs
acquired anemias are more common than congenital
- ethanol most common
- ABx
- chemotherapy
diagnosis: microcytosis ring siderblasts pappenhemier bodies small debris containing iron microcytic red cells increased serum Fe increased Ferritin normal TIBC normal/elevated TIBC/saturation
tx: removal of toxin
sideroblastic anemia
what is this anemia?
deficiency of cobalamin and folate impairs DNA synthesis and cell division in bone marrow and GI epithelium
many cells undergo programmmed cell death leading to reduced production of circulating cells ineffective hematopoiesis
impaired DNA synthesis
enlarged cells (increased MCV>110 fL) and neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia
