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HSTCYT1 > VAGINAL HORMONAL CYTOLOGY AND EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY > Flashcards

VAGINAL HORMONAL CYTOLOGY AND EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

where in the vaginal wall is specimen bast taken for vaginal hormonal cytology

A

upper lateral third of the vaginal wall

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2
Q

t/f vaginal hormonal cytology may be performed regularly without undue risk

A

t

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3
Q

cells with dark pyknotic nuclei

A

mature superficial cells

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4
Q

(characteristic of superficial vaginal cells under estrogen influence)

A

true acidophilia

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5
Q
  • polygonal squamous cell
  • pale, pink - staining cytoplasm
A

mature superficial cells

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6
Q

medium-sized polyhedral or elongated cells with basophilic cytoplasm showing vacuoles

A

intermediate cells

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7
Q

boat - shaped with tendency to fold or curl on edges

A

navicular cells

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8
Q

combined estrogen-progesterone effect

A

navicular cells

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9
Q

Observed in latter half of the menstrual cycle or during pregnancy or menopause

A

navicular cells

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10
Q
  • medium sized
  • polyhedral or elongated
  • basophilic cytoplasm
A

intermediate cells

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11
Q

fried egg appearance

A

parabasal cells

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12
Q

strongly basophilic cytoplasm and a large vesicular nucleus

A

parabasal cells

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13
Q

In what circumstances are parabasal cells observed

A
  • 2 weeks of age to puberty
  • After childbirth
  • Abortions
  • After menopause
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14
Q

slightly cylindrical w/ less basophilic cytoplasm; found during and 1-4 days after menstruation

A

endometrial cells

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15
Q
  • round to oval
  • small basophilic cytoplasm
A

parabasal cells

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16
Q
  • large groups or small sheets
  • pale blue/gray cytoplasm
  • indistinct cell borders
  • finely granular chromatin
A

endocervical cells

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17
Q
  • Small round to slightly oval cells with relatively large nuclei
  • Found before puberty and after menopause
A

basal cells

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18
Q

Presence of a “palm leaf” pattern (arborization) on drying of the vaginal or cervical secretions due to formation of salt crystals under the influence of estrogen (inhibited by progesterone)

A

ferning

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19
Q

CRITERIA FOR CYTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF NORMAL PREGNANCY

A
  1. Marked progesterone effect (NO ferning)
  2. At least 50% of intermediate cells in clusters
  3. Some typical pregnancy cells present
  4. Less than 30% superficial cells
  5. Doderlein-filled “dirty” background
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20
Q

papanicolau stain

A
  • Harris Hematoxylin
  • OG 6 (Orange Green 6)
  • EA – 36 or EA – 50
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21
Q

nuclear stain/basophilic stain

A

Harris hematoxylin

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22
Q

made up of 0.5
- 1.0% solution of OG in 95% EA and PTA
- Intensifier or differentiator

A

OG 6

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23
Q

Advantages of Pap’s stain

A
  1. Transparent blue stain of the cytoplasm; allows overlapped cells to be identified
  2. Excellent nuclear details
  3. Color range is predictable and of great value in identification and classification of cells
  4. Valuable in comparing cellular appearances in smears
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24
Q

binds with nucleic acids

A

Acridine Orange

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25
Q

color or RNA under fluorescence microscope

A

brick to orange red

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26
Q

color of DNA under fluorescence microscope

A

green and yellow

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27
Q

signifies growth

A

Increased basophilia (RNA)

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28
Q

signifies malignancy

A

Increased acidophilia (DNA)

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29
Q

2nd best choice after Pap’s staining

A

phase-contrast microscopy

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30
Q

Used for hormonal evaluation of gynecologic specimen and for CA detection

A

Phase - Contrast microscopy

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31
Q

Determines dry weight of individual cells or cellular constituents

A

Interference microscopy

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32
Q

CA cell nucleus and cytoplasmic dry weight is LESS than that of normal cells

A

Interference microscopy

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33
Q

Branch of medicine which deals with the study of cells that are exfoliated or scraped off from the lining epithelium and mucosa of different organs

A

exfoliative cytology

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34
Q

t/f Exfoliative cytology deals with cells that have been desquamated from epithelial surfaces

A

t

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35
Q

study of abnormal cells (e.g. CA cells)

A

cytopathology

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36
Q

study of the different methods of preparing the cells of microscopic examination

A

cytotechnique

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37
Q

sym. Malignancy; cells are markedly undifferentiated histologically

A

cancer

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38
Q
  • For diagnosis of cancer
  • For differentiation between malignant and benign tumors
  • Differentiate tumors from other diseases (e.g. infections, inflammations or degenerations)
A

exfoliative cytology

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39
Q
  • Assessment of hormonal status of an individual (determine fertility conditions among males and females)
  • Determination of “true sex” of an individual
A

exfoliative cytology

40
Q

variance of size, shape, form and appearance of the cells

A

pleomorphism

41
Q

increase in staining affinity above the normal, affecting mainly the nuclear structures (in contrast to vesicular staining of cytoplasm)

A

hyperchromatism

42
Q

increases in the no. of nuclei

A

multinucleation

43
Q

abnormal stages

A

atypical mitotic figures

44
Q

criteria for microscopic dx of cancer

A
  • pleomorphism
  • hyperchromatism
  • multinucleation
  • atypical mitotic figures
  • reversal pf the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio (N:C ratio)
45
Q

condensation of the chromatin materials

A

pyknosis

46
Q

breaking down of nuclear components

A

karyorrhexis

47
Q

breaking down of nuclear structures

A

karyolysis

48
Q

ability for reproductive function

A

fertility

49
Q

Usually determined by assessment of the hormonal status of a female (Vaginal Hormonal Cytology)

A

fertility

50
Q

fertility is Usually determined by assessment of ____

A

the hormonal status of a female (Vaginal Hormonal Cytology)

51
Q

CHANGES IN THE CELL MEMBRANE

A

a. Variation in size, shape or form of the cell
b. Enlargement of the cells
c. Diminution in size of the cells
d. Indistinctness in the cellular boundary

52
Q

changes in the cytoplasm

A

a. Excessive cytoplasmic inclusions (e.g. pigment granules)
b. Disintegration of the cytoplasmic organelles
c. Dissolution of cytoplasmic components

53
Q

CHANGES IN THE NUCLEUS

A

a. Pyknosis – condensation of the chromatin materials
b. Karyorrhexis – breaking down of nuclear components
c. Karyolysis – breaking down of nuclear structures

54
Q

T/F exfoliative cytolgy can detect infectious agents

A

t

55
Q

specimen for sex determination

A

scrapings from the buccal and vaginal mucosa

56
Q

True sex is determined based on the presence of ________

A

Barr bodies

57
Q

inner aspect of nuclear membrane

A

barr bodies

58
Q

Sample collection for exfoliative cytology from the lining epithelium and mucosa of the female reproductive tract includes which areas?

A

Vagina, cervix, and endometrium

59
Q

How are prostatic secretions collected for exfoliative cytology?

A

By massage through intrarectal route using the middle and index fingers.

60
Q

How are bronchial secretions or sputum collected for exfoliative cytology?

A

Through a “deep cough” specimen or bronchoscopic aspiration.

61
Q

How are gastric contents and duodenal fluid obtained for exfoliative cytology?

A

By intubation technique using a naso-gastric tube.

62
Q

Describe the characteristics of gastric contents collected for exfoliative cytology.

A

Watery, acidic fluid with food debris.

63
Q

Greenish-yellow, alkaline, and mucoid.

A

duodenal fluid

64
Q

watery, acidic fluid with food debris

A

gastric contents

65
Q

lumbar tap done on the intervertebral spaces between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebra

A

CSF

66
Q

what is used to collect CSF sample for exfoliative cytology

A

vim silverman needle

67
Q

How is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained for exfoliative cytology?

A

By lumbar tap done on the intervertebral spaces between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebra using a Vim Silverman needle.

68
Q

How is pleural fluid obtained for exfoliative cytology?

A

By thoracocentesis.

69
Q

How is pericardial fluid obtained for exfoliative cytology?

A

By pericardiocentesis.

70
Q

How is peritoneal fluid obtained for exfoliative cytology?

A

By paracentesis abdominis.

71
Q

Which sample is collected for exfoliative cytology using thoracocentesis?

A

Pleural fluid.

72
Q

Which sample is collected for exfoliative cytology using pericardiocentesis?

A

Pericardial fluid.

73
Q

Which sample is collected for exfoliative cytology using paracentesis abdominis?

A

peritoneal fluid

74
Q

What type of sample is collected from bone marrow for exfoliative cytology?

A

Bone marrow sample.

75
Q

What type of sample is collected for exfoliative cytology to analyze urinary sediments?

A

urinary sediments

76
Q

obtained by thoracocentesis

A

pleural fluid

77
Q

obtained by pericardiocentesis

A

pericardial fluid

78
Q

obtained by paracentesis abdominis

A

peritoneal fluid

79
Q

sample collection for exfoliative cytology

A

a. scrapings and aspirates
b. prostatic secretions
c. bronchial secretions or sputum
d. gastric contents and duodenal fluid
e. CSF
f. pleural fluid
- pericardial fluid
- peritoneal fluid
g. bone marrow
h. urinary sediments

80
Q

PREPARATION OF CYTOLOGIC SMEARS

A
  • Touch Preparation
  • Spreading
  • Streaking
  • Pull-apart
  • Teasing
81
Q

Specimen that requires an adhesive:

A
  • Urinary sediment
  • Bronchial lavage specimen
  • Specimen that utilizes proteolytic enzymes during processing
82
Q

adhesives

A
  • Pooled human serum or plasma
  • Celloidin ether or alcohol
  • Leuconostoc culture
83
Q

T/F Smears should be placed into the fixative immediately after preparation

A

T

84
Q

common fixatives

A
  • Ethyl ether
  • 95% ethyl alcohol
  • Isopropyl alcohol with ethyl alcohol
  • Acetone with glycol
  • Carnoy’s fluid
  • Delaunoy’s fluid
85
Q

T/F Exfoliated cells decompose rapidly. Drying rapidly destroys cellular and nuclear details

A

T

86
Q

Average size of mature superficial cells

A

45-50u

87
Q

In what stage of menstruation will there be an increase in the level of progesterone

A

Luteal phase

88
Q

Round, oval, or boat-shaped cells with translucent basophilic cytoplasm

A

Pregnancy cells

89
Q

Double walled boundary appearance

A

Pregnancy cell

90
Q

Intermediate cell that has a blue/purple cytoplasm

A

Pregnancy

91
Q
  • smaller than intermediate cells
  • larger vesicular nucleus
A

Parabasal cells

92
Q
  • Indistinct cells borders
  • finely granular chromatin
A

Endocervical cells

93
Q

Ensures that the sample is representative of the cervical canal

A

Endocervical cells

94
Q

Normal cervical cells

A

-superficial cells
- intermediate cells
- parabasal cells
- basal cells

95
Q

Counterstain for Harris Hematoxylin

A

EA (eosin azure)-36 / EA-50

HSTCYT1 (18 decks)

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