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HSTCYT1 > INTRO > Flashcards

INTRO Flashcards

1
Q

fixation to tissue ratio

A

10:1

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2
Q

duration of fixation

A

3-5mm for 6-48 hours

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3
Q

STUDY OF TISSUES COMPRISING OF THEIR CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

A

histology

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4
Q

introduction of pathology in Germany

A

1800s

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5
Q

study of disease

A

pathology

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6
Q

branch of histology concerned with the effects of diseases on microscopic structure of tissues

A

histopathology

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7
Q

has diagnostic and research purpose

A

pathology department

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8
Q

father of histopathology

A

Johannes Mueller

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9
Q

discovered formalin

A

Blum (1892)

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10
Q

founder of pathology

A

Malphigi

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11
Q

interprets microscopically surgical and autopsy tissues

A

anatomic pathologist

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12
Q

skills and knowledge on the methods used to prepare and process tissue samples for study

A

histotechniques

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13
Q

prepares and stains tissues in prep for microscopic analysis

A

histotechnician

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14
Q

step-by-step procedure in preparing tissues for microscopy

A

tissue processing

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15
Q

2 main samples being processed

A
  1. surgical material
  2. autopsy material
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16
Q

2 types of tissue examination

A
  1. preserved tissue examination
  2. fresh tissue examination
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17
Q

simplest and least invasive test

A

fine needle aspiration

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18
Q

uses small needle to remove cells from affected areas of abnormality

A

fine needle aspiration

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19
Q

removes not only cells, but also small amount of the surrounding tissue

A

core needle biopsy

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20
Q

the lesion will be sliced and a portion will be removed

A

incisional biopsy

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21
Q

removal of the entire area in question

A

excisional biopsy

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22
Q

primary technique for obtaining diagnostic full-thickness skin sample

A

punch biopsy

23
Q

what mm of cylindrical core of tissue sample is collected for punch biopsy

A

3-4 mm

24
Q

small fragments of tissues are shaved from a surface

A

shave biopsy

25
Q

tissue samples are scooped or spooned from a cavity

A

curettings

26
Q

apparatus for uterine curettage

A

vaginal speculum

27
Q

tissues are immersed in isotonic salt solution in a petri dish or watch glass

A

teasing or dissociation

28
Q

tissue is dissected with a needle and is separated direct or zigzag using an applicator stick

A

teasing

29
Q

tissue sample is placed between 2 slides and forcibly compressed and must not be more than 1mm in diameter

A

squash prep

30
Q

supravital stain is dropped at the junction via capillary action

A

squash prep

31
Q

used mainly for cancer diagnosis and cytological smear preparation

A

smear prep

32
Q

utilized for preparing thick secretions and may be made permanent by fixing while wet

A

smear prep

33
Q

categories of smear prep

A

a. streaking
b. spreading
c. pull-apart

34
Q

moderate thick film is created by teasing the mucus membrane strands

A

spreading

35
Q

spreading is recommended for what type of secretions

A
  • fresh sputum
  • bronchial spirates
  • mucoid secretions
36
Q

a drop of secretion is placed between two slides then pulled apart with a single uninterrupted motion

A

pull apart

37
Q

the surface of a freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into contact and pressed onto the surface of a glass slide

A

impression smear

38
Q

cells are transferred directly and preserve anatomic structure of tissue

A

touch prep/ impression smear

39
Q

rapid pathologic diagnosis during surgery and is for diagnostic and research enzyme histochemistry

A

frozen section

40
Q

diagnostic and research demonstration of soluble substances such as lipids and carbohydrates

A

frozen section

41
Q

immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining

A

frozen section

42
Q

some specialized silver stains, particularly in neuropathology

A

frozen sections

43
Q

equipment in frozen section wherein tissue is placed on a platform, CO2 gas is used to freeze the tissue. once frozen the microtome blade slices the tissue

A

microtome with CO2

44
Q

thickness of tissue for microtome with CO2

A

5-10 um

45
Q

a microtome mounted inside a cold chamber

A

cryostat

46
Q

allows for cutting thin tissue sections at low temperature

A

cryostat

47
Q

temp recommended for cryostat

A

-10 to -20

48
Q

freezing agents

A
  • liquid nitrogen
  • CO2
  • isopentane
  • aerosol spray (cryowik)
49
Q

most rapid of the commonly available agent however, soft tissues may crack and may snap frozen

A

isopentane

50
Q

cooled by liquid nitrogen and it is an excellent freezing agent for muscle tissue

A

isopentane

51
Q

approx. temp of isopentane

A

-170C

52
Q

used in small pieces of tissue except for muscles

A

aerosol spray

53
Q

term used to describe the initial anoxic changes a tissue suffers when blood supply is cut off

A

warm ischemia

54
Q

lack of o2 once the tissue sample is removed from the patient’s body and before all metabolic processes are stopped by fixation

A

cold ischemia

HSTCYT1 (18 decks)

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