Lab Fixation Flashcards
Preparation, processing, and staining of tissue sections for microscopic study to be interpreted by the pathologist
Histotechniques
Study of disease at the tissue level
Histopathology
Removal of cells from the area of abnormality
Fine needle aspiration
Considered as the simplest and least invasive method of collecting biopsy specimens
Fine needle aspiration
Method of collection for fluid-containing tumors
Fine needle aspiration
Removal of cells and small amount of surrounding tissue
Core needle biopsy
Removal of cells and small amount of surrounding tissue
Core needle biopsy
Removal of cells with more surrounding tissue; for dermatological samples
Incisional biopsy
Removal of the entire area in question
Excisional biopsy
Removal of 3-4mm cylindrical core of tissue samples
Punch biopsy
Measurement of small punch biopsy
2mm
Measurement of large punch biopsy
4mm
Removal of small fragments of tissue from a surface
Shave biopsy
Removal of tissue or growths from body cavities
Curettings
Where shoul the lesion be for punch biopsy
Center of area in question
Scoon or spoon sample
Curettings
Superior than clinical lab test
Biopsy
Storage of specimen
1month to 1 year
Storage time of tissue blocks
3-10 years
Storage time for slides
Indefinite
Storag etime for records (request and result forms)
Permanent
What types of dyes are used to stain fresh tissue examination
Supravital or differential
What types of microscopes are used to examine fresh tissue examination
Brightfield or phase contrast microscope
No fixative is required
Fresh tissue examination
Advantages of fresh tissue examination
-observation of physiologic processes or protoplasmic activities (motion, mitosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis)
-relatively simple and easy to perform
Disadvantages of fresh tissue examination
-limited use
-liable to develop changes observed after death (putrefaction and autolysis)
Dissection or separation of tissue components in NSS or Ringer’s solution
Teasing
Examined as stained or unstained and anatomical relationship is destroyed
Teasing
Tissue is sandwhiched between2 sides
Squash
Stain is applied on one side of th slide and allowed to spread
Squash
What type of spreading action is observed in squah preparation
Capillary action
For cytological studies, especially for th diagnosis of cancer
Smearing
For sections and sediments, performed using a wire loop, applicator stick or another slide
Smearing
Uniform distribution in a zigzag manner
Streaking
For thick or mucoid specimens which involves teasing on a slide
Spreading
Maintains intercellular relationship
Spreading
For the preparation of blood and bone marrow smears
Pull-apart
For thick secretions resulting to an even distribution of sample
Pull-apart
One side of a slide is allowed to touch a surface of the sample
Touch preparation
Preparedusing freezing microtome or cryostat
Frozen section
For rapid diagnosis
Frozen section
Specimen accessioning or identification is performed by
Medical technologist
Gross examination and sampling is performed by
Pathologist
osmolality of light microscopy
slightly hypertonic (400-450 mOsm)
osmolality of electron microscopy
more or less isotonic (340 mOsm)
what does tap water remove
-chromates
-formalin
-osmic acid
decolorizer of mercuric chloride
5% na thiosulfate
decolorizer of melanin
potassium permanganate KMnO4
what reduces melanin
pyrogallic acid
bleach and final removal of melanin
H2O2
