Vagina + Cervix Flashcards
Cysts occur in reproductive aged women. Can you have a Mullerian cyst that is from the Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct?
Yes
What causes a Gartner Duct Cyst?
Wolffian (mesonephric) duct remnants
What are 2 cysts that can occur in the vagina and where usually?
Anterior lateral walls and possibly protruding from orifice
- Gartner Duct Cyst
- Mullerian Cyst
What are the symptoms of Vaginal cysts?
Asymptomatic or pain with sex
If women are given DES (diethylstilbestrol) while they are pregnant, what may their daughter develop?
Clear cell adenocarcinoma
If a woman develops a clear cell adenocarcinoma, what was her mom given while she was pregnant with her?
DES
diethylstilbestrol
What vaginal malignancy affects infants and young girls (<5)?
Vaginal Embyronal Rhabdomyosarcoma
How does a Vaginal Embyronal Rhabdomyosarcoma look?
Protruding grape-like mass
What cells are present with Vaginal Embyronal Rhabdomyosarcomas? Is death possible?
Embryonal Rhabdomyoblasts
– invasion of structures can cause death
What does Vaginal Squamous cell carcinoma start with?
Precursor VAIN (vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia)
What HPV strands cause Vaginal SCC?
HPV 16/18
Vaginal SCC of the lower 2/3 of the vagina spreads to what lymph nodes?
Inguinal/femoral
Vaginal SCC of the upper 1/3 of the vagina spreads to what lymph nodes?
Iliac
What causes almost ALL cervical and vaginal carcinomas?
HPV 16 or 18
What causes almost ALL cervical and vaginal carcinomas?
HPV 16 or 18
HPV 16/18 has a predilection for what anatomic location?
Transformation zone of the cervix
When HPV integrates into the genome, it creates E6 and E7. What are the 2 jobs of E6?
- Increase Telomerase
- Degrade P53
When HPV integrates into the genome it creates E6 and E7. What is the job of E7?
- Inactivates P21 and RB to cause cellular proliferation
With the cervix, what does LSIL and HSIL stand for and which has a 10% chance of becoming invasive SCC and has more dysplasia present?
LSIL = low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
HSIL = high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
** HSIL can become invasive SCC
How do you screen for Cervical Dysplasia?
PAP test
If a PAP test cannot determine the cells present with cervical dysplasia, what tests should be used and what do they do?
PCR assay or Hybrid capture
= Test fluid for high risk HPV (16/18)
When should PAP tests start?
21 years old
Pap test regulations for 21-29
Cytology every 3 years
Pap test regulations for 30-65
Co-testing with high risk HPV molecular test every 5 years
if normal
