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ENRP > Breast Pathology part 1 > Flashcards

Breast Pathology part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 major structures of the breast?

A

Ducts

Lobules

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2
Q

What epithelial cells (2) line the ducts in the breast?

A

Luminal cells

Myoepithelial cells

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of stroma in the breast?

A

Intralobular stoma

Interlobular stroma

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4
Q

Describe the major blood supply to the breast

A
  • Internal Mammary A. –> Medial Mammary A.s

- Lateral Thoracic A. –> Lateral Mammary A.s

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5
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the breast

A
  • Areolar plexus –> Internal Thoracic Vein

- Afferent Mammary vein

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6
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast

A
  • Internal Mammary nodes

- External Mammary –> Scapular –> Central –> AXILLARY

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7
Q

What is Poland Syndrome?

A

Born with missing/underdeveloped muscles on 1 side of the body

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8
Q

Born with missing/underdeveloped muscles on 1 side, usually the chest, shoulder or arm?

A

Poland Syndrome

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9
Q

What is an example of an internal organ abnormality that may be present with Poland Syndrome?

A

Dextrocardia - heart on the right side

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10
Q

Following puberty, the ductal system expands. There will be an increase in?

A

TDLU

terminal ductal lobular units

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11
Q

During Pregnancy, what is the breast almost made up of entirely?

A

Lobules

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12
Q

Following 30 years old, what occurs to the lobules and stroma?

A

They involute

- fibrous stroma becomes adipose tissue

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13
Q

What are Milk Line Remnants?

A

Persistence of epidermal thickenings along the milk line (axilla - perineum)

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14
Q

Milk Line Remnants give rise to what 2 things and what is the possible symptom of them?

A
  • Supernumerary nipples or breasts

= PAIN prior to menstruation

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15
Q

With accessory axillary breast tissue, does a mastectomy resolve the risk for breast cancer?

A

NO

– normal ductal system can extend into axilla/chest wall

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16
Q

Is Nipple Inversion common?

A

YES

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17
Q

Congenital Nipple Inversion prognosis?

A

Not worrisome

– can spontaneously evert or fixed with simple traction

18
Q

Acquired Nipple Inversion prognosis?

A

May indicate presence of invasive cancer or inflammatory disease

19
Q

A majority of clinical symptoms of breast disease indicate malignancy or benign conditions?

A

BENIGN

20
Q

With Breast Malignancy, are symptoms common?

A

1/2 have symptoms

1/2 will be diagnosed on mammography

21
Q

Cyclic Mastalgia (Mastodynia) is associated with the menstrual cycle. What causes it?

A

Premenstrual edema

22
Q

Breast inflammation is usually due to?

A

Infections during lactation/breast feeding

23
Q

What is the normal amount of nipple discharge?

A

Small and bilateral

24
Q

What are some things that can cause Galactorrhea?

A

(milky nipple discharge)

= increased levels of prolactin, hypothyroidism, meds

25
Q

What type of nipple discharge is concerning for malignancy?

A

Bloody/serous - older and unilateral

26
Q

List 3 times not including malignancy that bloody/serous nipple discharge can occur?

A

Pregnancy
Large duct papilloma
Cyst

27
Q

Breast lumpiness is usually a manifestation of?

A

Normal glandular tissue

28
Q

Palpable breast masses are usually benign. At what size are they felt?

A

2-3 cm

29
Q

Features of a benign breast mass

A

Round, rubbery, mobile

30
Q

What are the 2 most common benign breast masses?

A

Fibroadenomas

Cysts

31
Q

Features of a malignant breast mass

A

Invasion
Hard
Irregular borders

32
Q

What is the most common malignant breast mass?

A

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

33
Q

Malignant breast masses are usually at what location?

A

UOQ

34
Q

Does breast palpation screen decrease mortality from breast cancer?

A

NO

35
Q

What 2 things show up on Mammograms?

A

Densities

Calcifications

36
Q

What 2 things show up on mammograms?

A

Densities

Calcifications

37
Q

What are densities on mammograms?

A

Lesions that replace fat with radiodense tissue

38
Q

What will calcifications look like on mammogram if they are associated with a malignancy?

A

Small
Numerous
Clustered

39
Q

In addition to Mammography, what are 3 other diagnostic tests used for the breast?

A

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (3-D mammogram)
US
MRI

40
Q

BI-RADS scores 4-6 are suspicious to proven malignancies. What is crucial for diagnosis?

A

BIOPSY

– ex. core needle biopsy

ENRP (45 decks)

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