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ENRP > Congenital Abnormalities + Vulva > Flashcards

Congenital Abnormalities + Vulva Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the Vulva?

A

Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Vaginal opening
Clitoris

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2
Q

What epithelium lines the ectocervix?

A

Stratified squamous

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3
Q

What epithelium lines the endocervix?

A

Columnar

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4
Q

List 4 general steps in embryology of the female anatomy

A
  1. Germ cells migrate to genital ridge and form gonads
  2. Formation of Mullerian and Wolffian Ducts
  3. Lack of SRY gene => ovary formation from gonads
  4. Estrogen presence
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5
Q

In females, what duct will disappear?

A

Wolffian (mesonephric) duct

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6
Q

What does the Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct become?

A

Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Upper 1/3 of vagina

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7
Q

What are 2 congenital uterine abnormalities?

A
  1. Uterine Didelphys

2. Mayer-Rokitanksy-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKH)

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8
Q

What causes Uterine Didelphys?

A

Mullerian ducts FAIL TO FUSE

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9
Q

What will be present in Uterine Didelphys?

A

2 separate uterine cavities

2 separates cervices

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10
Q

If a Uterine Didelphys has a vaginal septum, what does that create?

A

2 separate vaginal cavities = septate (double) vagina

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11
Q

What causes Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome?

A

AGENESIS of Mullerian ducts

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12
Q

What will be ABSENT with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome?

A

ABSENT uterus, fallopian tubes and upper 1/3 of vagina

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13
Q

What is the symptom of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome?

A

Amenorrhea

  • Absent uterus, fallopian tubes, upper 1/3 of vagina
    • Due to Mullerian duct agenesis
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14
Q

2 separate uterine cavities, 2 separate cervices and possibly 2 separate vaginas is?

A

Uterine Didelphys

– with vaginal septum

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15
Q

Bartholin cysts arise from the Bartholin glands. Where are the glands?

A

Near posterior vaginal opening

- produce mucus

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16
Q

What causes Bartholin cysts?

A

Obstruction of the Bartholin gland ducts

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of a Bartholin cyst?

A

Nontender, unilateral soft mass at posterior vaginal opening

18
Q

What is Lichen Sclerosis and what cells are active?

A

Inflammatory disorder of vulvar and anogenital skin

– activated T cells

19
Q

What are the signs of Lichen Sclerosis?

A

White plaques

Itching, dysuria and pain with sex (dyspareunia)

20
Q

What are the histo attributes of Lichen Sclerosis?

A

Thinning
Edematous band
Underlying lymphocytes

21
Q

With Lichen Sclerosis, what is there an increased risk of?

A

TP53 (+) keratinizing SCC

22
Q

What can cause Squamous Cell Hyperplasia of the vulva?

A

Chronic rubbing or scratching

23
Q

Squamous Cell Hyperplasia of the vulva looks like what?

A

Thickened red surface that whitens over time

24
Q

What are Condyloma Acuminatum?

A

Anogenital warts from HPV 6 or 11 due to sexual contact

25
Skin colored papules that are due to HPV 6/11?
Condyloma Acuminatum
26
What are the histo attributes of Condyloma Acuminatum?
Koilocyte nuclei with halo | + papillary projection covered by parakeratosis
27
Koilocyte nuclei with halo + papillary projections covered by parakeratosis is likely?
Condyloma Acuminatum
28
Vulvar Carcinomas are uncommon. Most are what general type and appear when?
After age 60 | - SCC
29
What are the 2 types of Vulvar Carcinoma?
- Basaloid/warty SCC | - Keratinizing SCC
30
Basaloid/warty SCC of the vulva occurs with what precursor lesion?
``` Classic VIN (vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia) ```
31
Keratinizing SCC of the vulva occurs with what precursor lesion?
``` Differentiated VIN (vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia) ```
32
Basaloid/warty SCC of the vulva is associated with?
HPV 16/18
33
Keratinizing SCC of the vulva is associated with what conditions?
Chronic irritation - lichen sclerosis - Squamous Cell Hyperplasia
34
What mutation is common in Keratinizing SCC of the vulva?
TP53 mutation
35
Which type of Vulvar carcinoma presents later in life?
Keratinizing | -- due to chronic irritation
36
What does a papillary hidradenoma arise from?
Mammary glands on milk line
37
Papillary hidradenoma is a benign nodule. What cells are present histologically?
Columnar and myoepithelial cells | - apocrine (sweat) gland differentiation
38
What is present with Extramammary Paget's Disease?
Intraepithelial Adenocarcinoma
39
What differentiation is present with Extramammary Paget's Disease?
Apocrine (sweat) gland and keratinocyte differentiation
40
What does Extramammary Paget's Disease look like?
Erythematous, white-crusted lesion that is itchy and ill-defined

ENRP (45 decks)

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