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ENRP > Congenital Abnormalities + Vulva > Flashcards

Congenital Abnormalities + Vulva Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the Vulva?

A

Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Vaginal opening
Clitoris

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2
Q

What epithelium lines the ectocervix?

A

Stratified squamous

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3
Q

What epithelium lines the endocervix?

A

Columnar

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4
Q

List 4 general steps in embryology of the female anatomy

A
  1. Germ cells migrate to genital ridge and form gonads
  2. Formation of Mullerian and Wolffian Ducts
  3. Lack of SRY gene => ovary formation from gonads
  4. Estrogen presence
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5
Q

In females, what duct will disappear?

A

Wolffian (mesonephric) duct

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6
Q

What does the Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct become?

A

Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Upper 1/3 of vagina

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7
Q

What are 2 congenital uterine abnormalities?

A
  1. Uterine Didelphys

2. Mayer-Rokitanksy-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKH)

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8
Q

What causes Uterine Didelphys?

A

Mullerian ducts FAIL TO FUSE

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9
Q

What will be present in Uterine Didelphys?

A

2 separate uterine cavities

2 separates cervices

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10
Q

If a Uterine Didelphys has a vaginal septum, what does that create?

A

2 separate vaginal cavities = septate (double) vagina

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11
Q

What causes Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome?

A

AGENESIS of Mullerian ducts

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12
Q

What will be ABSENT with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome?

A

ABSENT uterus, fallopian tubes and upper 1/3 of vagina

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13
Q

What is the symptom of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome?

A

Amenorrhea

  • Absent uterus, fallopian tubes, upper 1/3 of vagina
    • Due to Mullerian duct agenesis
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14
Q

2 separate uterine cavities, 2 separate cervices and possibly 2 separate vaginas is?

A

Uterine Didelphys

– with vaginal septum

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15
Q

Bartholin cysts arise from the Bartholin glands. Where are the glands?

A

Near posterior vaginal opening

- produce mucus

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16
Q

What causes Bartholin cysts?

A

Obstruction of the Bartholin gland ducts

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of a Bartholin cyst?

A

Nontender, unilateral soft mass at posterior vaginal opening

18
Q

What is Lichen Sclerosis and what cells are active?

A

Inflammatory disorder of vulvar and anogenital skin

– activated T cells

19
Q

What are the signs of Lichen Sclerosis?

A

White plaques

Itching, dysuria and pain with sex (dyspareunia)

20
Q

What are the histo attributes of Lichen Sclerosis?

A

Thinning
Edematous band
Underlying lymphocytes

21
Q

With Lichen Sclerosis, what is there an increased risk of?

A

TP53 (+) keratinizing SCC

22
Q

What can cause Squamous Cell Hyperplasia of the vulva?

A

Chronic rubbing or scratching

23
Q

Squamous Cell Hyperplasia of the vulva looks like what?

A

Thickened red surface that whitens over time

24
Q

What are Condyloma Acuminatum?

A

Anogenital warts from HPV 6 or 11 due to sexual contact

25
Q

Skin colored papules that are due to HPV 6/11?

A

Condyloma Acuminatum

26
Q

What are the histo attributes of Condyloma Acuminatum?

A

Koilocyte nuclei with halo

+ papillary projection covered by parakeratosis

27
Q

Koilocyte nuclei with halo + papillary projections covered by parakeratosis is likely?

A

Condyloma Acuminatum

28
Q

Vulvar Carcinomas are uncommon. Most are what general type and appear when?

A

After age 60

- SCC

29
Q

What are the 2 types of Vulvar Carcinoma?

A
  • Basaloid/warty SCC

- Keratinizing SCC

30
Q

Basaloid/warty SCC of the vulva occurs with what precursor lesion?

A 
Classic VIN
(vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia)
31
Q

Keratinizing SCC of the vulva occurs with what precursor lesion?

A 
Differentiated VIN
(vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia)
32
Q

Basaloid/warty SCC of the vulva is associated with?

A

HPV 16/18

33
Q

Keratinizing SCC of the vulva is associated with what conditions?

A

Chronic irritation

  • lichen sclerosis
  • Squamous Cell Hyperplasia
34
Q

What mutation is common in Keratinizing SCC of the vulva?

A

TP53 mutation

35
Q

Which type of Vulvar carcinoma presents later in life?

A

Keratinizing

– due to chronic irritation

36
Q

What does a papillary hidradenoma arise from?

A

Mammary glands on milk line

37
Q

Papillary hidradenoma is a benign nodule. What cells are present histologically?

A

Columnar and myoepithelial cells

- apocrine (sweat) gland differentiation

38
Q

What is present with Extramammary Paget’s Disease?

A

Intraepithelial Adenocarcinoma

39
Q

What differentiation is present with Extramammary Paget’s Disease?

A

Apocrine (sweat) gland and keratinocyte differentiation

40
Q

What does Extramammary Paget’s Disease look like?

A

Erythematous, white-crusted lesion that is itchy and ill-defined

ENRP (45 decks)

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