Vaccines And Vaccinations

Question 1

When to not vaccinate an animal

Answer 1

Sick, during disease outbreak, newborns (immature IS may not mount a response. Maternal AB’s may denature/ deactivate vaccine)

Question 2

Antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease

Answer 2

Vaccine

Question 3

Live modified vaccine contains

Answer 3

Weakened antigen that still have some receptors so Ab will be produced

Question 4

What does a “killed” vaccine contain

Answer 4

A killed antigen that remains similar to original (adjuvant May be added)

Question 5

Most rabies vaccines are what kind of vaccine

Answer 5

Killed

Question 6

What is an adjuvant

Answer 6

Something added to a vaccine to increase immunogenicity (increases ability to stimulate IS/ be recognized as foreign)

Question 7

An adjuvant May slow the release of antigens into the body which does what

Answer 7

Increase the time for immune system to recognize

Question 8

Some adjuvants contain an irritant which

Answer 8

Increased immunogenicity

Question 9

Example of adjuvant that causes slow absorption

Answer 9

Oil based adjuvant

Question 10

Disadvantages of a live vaccine

Answer 10

May be virulent, shorter storage life

Question 11

Disadvantages of killed vaccine

Answer 11

Adjuvant often needed, shorter immunity

Question 12

Which is more likely to cause disease; killed or live vaccine

Answer 12

Live

Question 13

Which provides longer immunity; live or killed vaccine

Answer 13

Live

Question 14

What does a subunit/ acellular vaccine contain

Answer 14

Only the antigenic portion (receptor sites)

Question 15

What toxoid vaccines do

Answer 15

Protect against toxins produced by certain pathogens (toxins would cause disease not the bacteria itself)

Question 16

The bacteria clostridium tetani causes this disease via toxins

Answer 16

Tetanus

Question 17

how a toxoid vaccine is created

Answer 17

-toxoid is denatured, will produce active artificial immunity

Question 18

How an antitoxin is created

Answer 18

Preparation of antibodies made against toxin, form of passive artificial immunity (immediate protection)

Question 19

When would an antitoxin be used

Answer 19

When immediate action is needed Bc a toxoid vaccine wasn’t given ahead of time (ex: horse didn’t get toxoid vaccine for tetanus, steps on nail)

Question 20

Define a monovalent vaccine

Answer 20

Only protects against 1 organism

Question 21

Define a multivalent vaccine

Answer 21

Protects against several organisms

Question 22

What is an autogenous bacterin vaccine

Answer 22

Produced for a certain disease

Question 23

What age small animals start vaccines

Answer 23

6-8weeks

Question 24

What age livestock usually start vaccines

Answer 24

6 months (when maternal ABs go away)

Question 25

What vaccinating a dam in late gestation will do

Answer 25

Cause AB levels in colostrum to increase

Question 26

examples of apparent vaccine failure

Answer 26

Animal was already incubating the disease while the vaccine was given or
Animal is immune compromised

Question 27

Examples of situations that would cause real vaccine failure

Answer 27

Improper handling, storage, or administration of vaccine