Vaccines And Vaccinations Flashcards
When to not vaccinate an animal
Sick, during disease outbreak, newborns (immature IS may not mount a response. Maternal AB’s may denature/ deactivate vaccine)
Antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease
Vaccine
Live modified vaccine contains
Weakened antigen that still have some receptors so Ab will be produced
What does a “killed” vaccine contain
A killed antigen that remains similar to original (adjuvant May be added)
Most rabies vaccines are what kind of vaccine
Killed
What is an adjuvant
Something added to a vaccine to increase immunogenicity (increases ability to stimulate IS/ be recognized as foreign)
An adjuvant May slow the release of antigens into the body which does what
Increase the time for immune system to recognize
Some adjuvants contain an irritant which
Increased immunogenicity
Example of adjuvant that causes slow absorption
Oil based adjuvant
Disadvantages of a live vaccine
May be virulent, shorter storage life
Disadvantages of killed vaccine
Adjuvant often needed, shorter immunity
Which is more likely to cause disease; killed or live vaccine
Live
Which provides longer immunity; live or killed vaccine
Live
What does a subunit/ acellular vaccine contain
Only the antigenic portion (receptor sites)
What toxoid vaccines do
Protect against toxins produced by certain pathogens (toxins would cause disease not the bacteria itself)
The bacteria clostridium tetani causes this disease via toxins
Tetanus
how a toxoid vaccine is created
-toxoid is denatured, will produce active artificial immunity
How an antitoxin is created
Preparation of antibodies made against toxin, form of passive artificial immunity (immediate protection)
When would an antitoxin be used
When immediate action is needed Bc a toxoid vaccine wasn’t given ahead of time (ex: horse didn’t get toxoid vaccine for tetanus, steps on nail)
Define a monovalent vaccine
Only protects against 1 organism
Define a multivalent vaccine
Protects against several organisms
What is an autogenous bacterin vaccine
Produced for a certain disease
What age small animals start vaccines
6-8weeks
What age livestock usually start vaccines
6 months (when maternal ABs go away)
What vaccinating a dam in late gestation will do
Cause AB levels in colostrum to increase
examples of apparent vaccine failure
Animal was already incubating the disease while the vaccine was given or
Animal is immune compromised
Examples of situations that would cause real vaccine failure
Improper handling, storage, or administration of vaccine
