Adult Bovine Diarrhea

Question 1

what is winter dysentery

Answer 1

v contagious, acute/peracute diarrheal disease, unknown cause

Question 2

signs of winter dysentery

Answer 2

sudden explosive diarrhea, etc, runs course in 3-5 days

Question 3

how winter dysentery is spread

Answer 3

fecal oral contamination

Question 4

Paratuberculosis is also called

Answer 4

Johne’s Disease

Question 5

what is paratuberculosis and what causes it

Answer 5

chronic diarrheal disease in ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium ss Paratuberculosis (MAP)

Question 6

signs of Paratuberculosis

Answer 6

slow onset of chronic, watery manure and illness

Question 7

how paratuberculosis is spread

Answer 7

fecal oral contamination, young can acquire from older but don’t show signs until older (long incubation period)

Question 8

This viral form of diarrhea is subclinical 70-90% of the time

Answer 8

Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BVD)

Question 9

even if an animal affected by BVD is subclinical they still experience

Answer 9

production loss and act as carriers

Question 10

when animals do show clinical BVD signs they are

Answer 10

poor reproductive performance (poor fertility/ low conception/ abortions/still births)

Question 11

BVD most heavily affects

Answer 11

calves born via dam infected during pregnancy. may be born dead, w/ congenital malformations, carriers, PI calves

Question 12

what are persistently infected or PI calves

Answer 12

calves infected (BVD) appear normal but shed massive amounts of the virus and never become immune

Question 13

in what case would a pregnant dam contracting BVD be beneficial to the calf

Answer 13

some calves may be born w ability to produce antibodies against BVD

Question 14

how to treat BVD

Answer 14

supportive care, PI calves never cleared (euthanized)

Question 15

there are two kinds of BVD vaccines

modified-live and killed, which is given to who

Answer 15

mod live= non-pregnant

killed= pregnant (must have killed or could infect fetus)

Question 16

what is Listeriosis, what causes it

Answer 16

ruminant neurological disease caused by Listeria monocytogens (found in environment and enters thro break in skin/ MM and travels to brain)

Question 17

signs of Listeriosis

Answer 17

nerve damage, unilateral (circling to one side, unilateral face paralysis), ataxia

Question 18

how to treat Listeriosis

Answer 18

Antibiotics

Question 19

slow growing tumor unlikely to spread

Answer 19

benign

Question 20

fast growing tumor likely to spread

Answer 20

malignant

Question 21

-oma usually refers to

Answer 21

benign tumor

Question 22

-carcinoma usually refers to

Answer 22

malignant tumor

Question 23

-sarcoma usually refers to

Answer 23

malignant tumor originating from connective tissue

Question 24

viral-induced neoplasia of cattle, slow onset, fatal

Answer 24

B Leukosis Virus (BLV)/ Bovine Leukemia

Question 25

Bovine Leukemia common in

Answer 25

dairy cattle

Question 26

signs of Bovine Leukemia

Answer 26

enlarged lymph nodes, increased WBCs

Question 27

how to treat Bovine Leukemia

Answer 27

no cure, euthanized

Question 28

How Bovine Leukemia is spread

Answer 28

by any means of spreading WBCs (colostrum, needles, instruments, possibly insects)

Question 29

vertical transmission v horizontal transmission

Answer 29

vertical= transfered in utero (dam to calf)
horizontal= herd mate to herd mate