Animal Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition is required for these 3 basic needs

A

maintenance (HR, RR, digestion), growth, reproduction

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2
Q

secondary needs that require proper nutrition

A

production (eggs, milk, etc.), finish of meat animals, performance (racing)

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3
Q

why protein is needed

A

additional growth, reproduction, lactation, cell formation

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4
Q

what a protein deficiency causes

A

poor growth, lack of production, reproductive issues

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5
Q

excess protein can cause

A

joint disease, reproductive disease

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6
Q

most expensive nutritional component

A

protein

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7
Q

energy is needed for

A

body functions (in measured amounts)

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8
Q

an energy deficeincy can cause

A

poor growth, decreased production, no energy for handling stress/protecting against disease

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9
Q

an excess in energy can cause

A

overconditioning or obesity, joint disease, osteocondritis dissicans (OCD)

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10
Q

what is OCD, in what cases is it most common

A

osteocondritis dissicans, seen in large fast growing animals, swollen hock joint, common in horses and dogs fed an excessive high energy feed

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11
Q

what salt is needed for

A

water balance, kidney function, eliminates waste

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12
Q

excess v deficient salt

A

excess- salt toxicity

deficiency- Pica (animal eats nonnutritive things; ex: cattle eating rocks or drinking urine)

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13
Q

what calcium and phosphorus are needed for

A

needed in ratio, important for lactation

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14
Q

what a calcium:phosphorus deficiency causes

A

bone disease (osteoporosis- less dense bones)

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15
Q

what iron is needed for

A

needed for hemoglobin production in RBCs

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16
Q

what hemoglobin does

A

helps bring O2 to tissues and carry CO2 away

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17
Q

why iron is important in young pigs

A

born anemic (not enough RBCs)

18
Q

selenium works in conjunction w

A

vitamin E

19
Q

Selenium:Vitamin E is needed for

aids in:

A

antioxidants (counteract byproducts of metabolism), keep tissue healthy, bolster immunity.
aids in: muscle tone, healthy mammary glands, fertility improvement

20
Q

selenium:vitamin E deficiency causes

A

white muscle disease (WMD) primarily in young, necrosis of muscle tissue

21
Q

when should a selenium:vitamin E supplement be given

A

if soil is deficient, usually give to young or dam

22
Q

vitamin A is needed for

A

epithelial tissue (skin, hair, sight)

23
Q
Vitamin B (thiamene) deficiency most common in 
can cause:
A

most common in young ruminants

can cause: polioencephalomalacia in ruminants (not same as ppl polio), neurological disease

24
Q

signs of a vitamin B deficient animal w neurological disease

A

ataxia (staggering and uncoordinagted), blindness, opisthotonus (head tilted back)

25
Q

vitamin C is needed (a little)for

A

skin and joints

26
Q

animal who produces own vitamin C

A

guinea pigs

27
Q

vitamin C deficiency can cause

A

scurvy (skin and joint disease, breaks down tissues)

28
Q

Vitamin D is required for

A

calcium absorption

29
Q

Vitamin D deficiency can cause

A

osteoporosis, rickets in young , osteomalacia (poorly developed bones), hypocalcium in mature

30
Q

what is rickets (what it looks like )

A

weakened bones; as animal grows, long bones become permenantly distorted

31
Q

how vitamin D is produced

A

UV light

32
Q

why vitamin K is needed

A

small ammounts required for blood clotting

33
Q

why poisons like rat poison contain substances that tie up Vitamin K

A

blood wont clot, animal bleeds to death

34
Q

rumination and cudchewing in ruminents is a sign of ____ health

A

good

35
Q

who can tolerate contaminants like mold? simple stomached or ruminants

A

ruminants

36
Q

water should be given how?

A

free choice

37
Q

a good feeding practice involves giving animals how much feed ?

a) as much as they want
b) as little as possible
c) measured amounts

A

c

38
Q

what is ergot poisoning (ergotism)

A
severe mold (ergot) that produces myotoxins, ergot is found on some plants
constricts blood vessels, feet/ears lose blood supply
39
Q

clinical signs of internal parasites

A

thin, poor growth and hair coat, diarrhea, anemia, abdominal pain (colic in horses)

40
Q

clinical signs of external parasites

A

itching (can lead to injury/ trauma), anemia (from bloodsuckers), act as vectors of disease