Animal Nutrition Flashcards
Nutrition is required for these 3 basic needs
maintenance (HR, RR, digestion), growth, reproduction
secondary needs that require proper nutrition
production (eggs, milk, etc.), finish of meat animals, performance (racing)
why protein is needed
additional growth, reproduction, lactation, cell formation
what a protein deficiency causes
poor growth, lack of production, reproductive issues
excess protein can cause
joint disease, reproductive disease
most expensive nutritional component
protein
energy is needed for
body functions (in measured amounts)
an energy deficeincy can cause
poor growth, decreased production, no energy for handling stress/protecting against disease
an excess in energy can cause
overconditioning or obesity, joint disease, osteocondritis dissicans (OCD)
what is OCD, in what cases is it most common
osteocondritis dissicans, seen in large fast growing animals, swollen hock joint, common in horses and dogs fed an excessive high energy feed
what salt is needed for
water balance, kidney function, eliminates waste
excess v deficient salt
excess- salt toxicity
deficiency- Pica (animal eats nonnutritive things; ex: cattle eating rocks or drinking urine)
what calcium and phosphorus are needed for
needed in ratio, important for lactation
what a calcium:phosphorus deficiency causes
bone disease (osteoporosis- less dense bones)
what iron is needed for
needed for hemoglobin production in RBCs
what hemoglobin does
helps bring O2 to tissues and carry CO2 away
why iron is important in young pigs
born anemic (not enough RBCs)
selenium works in conjunction w
vitamin E
Selenium:Vitamin E is needed for
aids in:
antioxidants (counteract byproducts of metabolism), keep tissue healthy, bolster immunity.
aids in: muscle tone, healthy mammary glands, fertility improvement
selenium:vitamin E deficiency causes
white muscle disease (WMD) primarily in young, necrosis of muscle tissue
when should a selenium:vitamin E supplement be given
if soil is deficient, usually give to young or dam
vitamin A is needed for
epithelial tissue (skin, hair, sight)
Vitamin B (thiamene) deficiency most common in can cause:
most common in young ruminants
can cause: polioencephalomalacia in ruminants (not same as ppl polio), neurological disease
signs of a vitamin B deficient animal w neurological disease
ataxia (staggering and uncoordinagted), blindness, opisthotonus (head tilted back)
vitamin C is needed (a little)for
skin and joints
animal who produces own vitamin C
guinea pigs
vitamin C deficiency can cause
scurvy (skin and joint disease, breaks down tissues)
Vitamin D is required for
calcium absorption
Vitamin D deficiency can cause
osteoporosis, rickets in young , osteomalacia (poorly developed bones), hypocalcium in mature
what is rickets (what it looks like )
weakened bones; as animal grows, long bones become permenantly distorted
how vitamin D is produced
UV light
why vitamin K is needed
small ammounts required for blood clotting
why poisons like rat poison contain substances that tie up Vitamin K
blood wont clot, animal bleeds to death
rumination and cudchewing in ruminents is a sign of ____ health
good
who can tolerate contaminants like mold? simple stomached or ruminants
ruminants
water should be given how?
free choice
a good feeding practice involves giving animals how much feed ?
a) as much as they want
b) as little as possible
c) measured amounts
c
what is ergot poisoning (ergotism)
severe mold (ergot) that produces myotoxins, ergot is found on some plants constricts blood vessels, feet/ears lose blood supply
clinical signs of internal parasites
thin, poor growth and hair coat, diarrhea, anemia, abdominal pain (colic in horses)
clinical signs of external parasites
itching (can lead to injury/ trauma), anemia (from bloodsuckers), act as vectors of disease
