Ketosis Flashcards
ketosis is a common periparturient disease/metabolic disorder in
dairy cattle
what causes ketosis
the energy needed for maintenance and production is greater than what the animal takes in (negative energy balance)
what happens once body enters ketosis
body uses fat to make energy, fat enters kreb’s cycle to make ATP
byproduct of ketosis, what they cause
ketones; mildly toxic, cause decreased appetite, mild depression of senses
signs of ketosis
agalactia, anorexia (decreased appetite), lethargy/depression, hypermotile rumen, may smell ketones on breath urine or milk, may have “nervous ketosis” (hyperexcitability/ bizarre behavior)
when milk production should peak
just after calving
define agalactia
decreased milk production
how to diagnosis ketosis
- ketourial test for ketones in urine (ph turns pink/purple)
- low blood glucose
how to treat ketosis
- increase blood glucose
- stimulate appetite
- glucose IV (SQ or IM can cause abscesses)
- oral administration of glucogenic compounds
preventing ketosis
keep cows eating through peak milk production time, increase feed quality, feed higher energy diets, avoid issues like milk fever or retained placenta
what causes a displaced abomasum
abomasum fills w gas and moves from the ventral abdominal (L or R)
displaced abomasum seen in
high producing cows fed rations high in grain/silage, low in roughage (produce more gas)
signs of displaced abomasum
anorexia, hyogalactia/agalactia, small amounts of soft manure (bc kinked intestines), ketouria (bc not eating enough), “ping” upon auscultation
most common kind of displaced abomasum
LDA (rumen pins it down)
what is a torsion
organ twists on long axis
why is RDA more severe than LDA
can move farther dorsally (rumen doesnt pin down), increased risk of torsion
how external fixation is used to fix DA
abomasum is fixed to ventral body wall w toggle pins done thro skin (no open abdomen
how an abomasopexy is done
cow in dorsal recumbency, abomasum decompressed and repositioned, sutured ventral abdomen
how an omentopexy
done on standing cow, on lateral wall, omentum (ligaments that hold organs in place) sutured to abdominal wall
hardware disease is also called
traumatic reticulitis
-pexy means to
suture in place
what is traumatic Reticulitis
acute inflammation of reticulum due to ingestion of sharp, metal, foreign body usually due to idiosyncrasies of cattle eating behaviors
signs of hardware disease
anorexia, agalactia, pain, low grade fever, rumenstasis
how to treat hardware disease
magnet, antibiotics, rumenotomy (reach into reticulum)
how hardware disease leads to pericarditis
foreign body penetrates thro diaphragm, pierces pericardium leading to v serious infection in pericardial sac
