Bovine Mastitis Flashcards
natural defenses against bovine mastitis
sphincter muscle at teat meatus, milk letdown, streak canal(lined w keratin), keratin
milk letdown hormone
oxytocin
what is the streak canal
narrow canal where milk leaves teat, lined w keratin
what is keratin and its importance in mammary glands
protein lining the streak canals, can inhibit some bacterial growth
how mastitis is caused (systemic or external)
external via teat opening always
signs of mastitis
abnormal milk, inflammation, sick animal (severe)
examples of contageous pathogens tranmitting via milking procedure
Streptococcus agalactia (Strep Ag Staphylococcus aureus (Stap aureus)
examples of environmental pathogens
Escherichia coli (E coli) streptococcus species besides Ag
Strep Ag causes
a) mild or subclinical mastitis
b) chronic mastitis
c) acute or peracute mastitis
a
strep ag is (not v contagious or very contagious)
very contagious
signs of Strep ag mastitis
low milk production, inceased SCC in milk
Staph aureus causes
a) mild or subclinical mastitis
b) chronic mastitis
c) acute or peracute mastitis
b) chronic, unresponsive to antibiotics
signs of Staph aureus
may feel nodules in udder (abcesses), gland damage, may cause gangrene mastitis
how Staph aureus causes gangrene mastitis
signs
some Staph aureus produce toxins, cut off blood supply, tissue dies, cold purple teat, red subs comes out
E coli and other Strep species (environmental) cause
a) mild or subclinical mastitis
b) chronic mastitis
c) acute or peracute mastitis
c)
signs of environmental mastitis (E coli or Strep species)
fever, inappetance, dehydration, inflammed udders, little to no milk
which environmental may produce endotoxins that cause shock-like signs
E coli
sign of severe dehydration (in face)
sunken eyes
how a california mastisis test works (CMT)
milk from each quarter, add reagent that causes somatic cells to clump
why a california mastitis test (CMT) isnt a good test for goats
goats have normally high SCC
to give a diagnosis based on observation of milk you would use a
strip cup or plate
the only way to tell what specific organism is responsible for mastitis is to dianose via
milk culture
what normal milk looks like on a California mastitis test (CMT)
milky in color (not transpaent), should slide down plastic
how to treat strep ag mastitis
antibiotics (v sensitive to)
how to treat staph aureus mastitis
best if treated suring dry period (2 months before calving) using multiple antibiotics (v drug resistant)
how to treat environmental pathogens mastitis
(systemically ill) rigorus treatment of fluids, fever reducer, analgesia, etc.
up to 70% of mastitis cases are caused by
milker method
major contributors of masitis prevention
milker method, preventing machine malfunctions, cow conformation, cleanliness of environment
milking process
remove excess dirt, wash teat and dry w individual towels (2 towels per animal)
use strip cup
milk for 6-8 min
dip teats in antiseptic solution
should you milk mastitis cows first or last?
last
what we give cows at last milking before dry period
“dry treatment” (an antibiotic placed in quarters)
why antibiotics cant be in milk
can cause allergic rxns in customers or lead to development of antibiotic resistance in ppl
why anitbiotic milk cant be used for other dairy products
any baceria added would die
what happens if an antibiotic is perscribed to a cow that is unapproved for dairy industry
must be monitored by veterinarian (extra-label use), must calculate withholding time that would normally be on package
why you should withhold all milk even if only one teat is affected
antibiotic could be in bloodstream
