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H&DF > Bovine Mastitis > Flashcards

Bovine Mastitis Flashcards

1
Q

natural defenses against bovine mastitis

A

sphincter muscle at teat meatus, milk letdown, streak canal(lined w keratin), keratin

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2
Q

milk letdown hormone

A

oxytocin

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3
Q

what is the streak canal

A

narrow canal where milk leaves teat, lined w keratin

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4
Q

what is keratin and its importance in mammary glands

A

protein lining the streak canals, can inhibit some bacterial growth

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5
Q

how mastitis is caused (systemic or external)

A

external via teat opening always

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6
Q

signs of mastitis

A

abnormal milk, inflammation, sick animal (severe)

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7
Q

examples of contageous pathogens tranmitting via milking procedure

A 
Streptococcus agalactia (Strep Ag
Staphylococcus aureus (Stap aureus)
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8
Q

examples of environmental pathogens

A 
Escherichia coli (E coli)
streptococcus species besides Ag
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9
Q

Strep Ag causes

a) mild or subclinical mastitis
b) chronic mastitis
c) acute or peracute mastitis

A

a

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10
Q

strep ag is (not v contagious or very contagious)

A

very contagious

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11
Q

signs of Strep ag mastitis

A

low milk production, inceased SCC in milk

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12
Q

Staph aureus causes

a) mild or subclinical mastitis
b) chronic mastitis
c) acute or peracute mastitis

A

b) chronic, unresponsive to antibiotics

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13
Q

signs of Staph aureus

A

may feel nodules in udder (abcesses), gland damage, may cause gangrene mastitis

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14
Q

how Staph aureus causes gangrene mastitis

signs

A

some Staph aureus produce toxins, cut off blood supply, tissue dies, cold purple teat, red subs comes out

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15
Q

E coli and other Strep species (environmental) cause

a) mild or subclinical mastitis
b) chronic mastitis
c) acute or peracute mastitis

A

c)

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16
Q

signs of environmental mastitis (E coli or Strep species)

A

fever, inappetance, dehydration, inflammed udders, little to no milk

17
Q

which environmental may produce endotoxins that cause shock-like signs

A

E coli

18
Q

sign of severe dehydration (in face)

A

sunken eyes

19
Q

how a california mastisis test works (CMT)

A

milk from each quarter, add reagent that causes somatic cells to clump

20
Q

why a california mastitis test (CMT) isnt a good test for goats

A

goats have normally high SCC

21
Q

to give a diagnosis based on observation of milk you would use a

A

strip cup or plate

22
Q

the only way to tell what specific organism is responsible for mastitis is to dianose via

A

milk culture

23
Q

what normal milk looks like on a California mastitis test (CMT)

A

milky in color (not transpaent), should slide down plastic

24
Q

how to treat strep ag mastitis

A

antibiotics (v sensitive to)

25
Q

how to treat staph aureus mastitis

A

best if treated suring dry period (2 months before calving) using multiple antibiotics (v drug resistant)

26
Q

how to treat environmental pathogens mastitis

A

(systemically ill) rigorus treatment of fluids, fever reducer, analgesia, etc.

27
Q

up to 70% of mastitis cases are caused by

A

milker method

28
Q

major contributors of masitis prevention

A

milker method, preventing machine malfunctions, cow conformation, cleanliness of environment

29
Q

milking process

A

remove excess dirt, wash teat and dry w individual towels (2 towels per animal)
use strip cup
milk for 6-8 min
dip teats in antiseptic solution

30
Q

should you milk mastitis cows first or last?

A

last

31
Q

what we give cows at last milking before dry period

A

“dry treatment” (an antibiotic placed in quarters)

32
Q

why antibiotics cant be in milk

A

can cause allergic rxns in customers or lead to development of antibiotic resistance in ppl

33
Q

why anitbiotic milk cant be used for other dairy products

A

any baceria added would die

34
Q

what happens if an antibiotic is perscribed to a cow that is unapproved for dairy industry

A

must be monitored by veterinarian (extra-label use), must calculate withholding time that would normally be on package

35
Q

why you should withhold all milk even if only one teat is affected

A

antibiotic could be in bloodstream

H&DF (26 decks)

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