vaccines

Question 1

what arwe the 4 different types of acquired immunity

Answer 1

• Active = natural (infection) + Vaccine
• Passive = natural (maternal antibodies) + Artificial (monocolonal antibodies)

Question 2

Which vaccines are administered as live attentuated in the UK?

Answer 2

BCG
MMR

Question 3

Which TLRs (toll like receptors) are intracellular?

Answer 3

3,7,8,9

Question 4

What is immune tolerance?

Answer 4

• Physiological
• Central - thymic tolerance
• Peripheral - If T/B faulty cell evade central tolerance, they’re dealt with in secondary lymphoid organs

Question 5

What immunoglobulins are involved in inactivated vaccines?

Answer 5

IgM followed by IgG

Question 6

What are the only polysaccharide vaccines?

Answer 6

• Pneumococcal disease
• Meningococcal disease
• Samonella typhi

Question 7

what are the different ties of vaccinations

Answer 7

whole killed
live attenuated
recombinant vector
synthetic peptides
DNA
Mrna

Question 8

Advantages and disadvantages of whole inactivated pathogens

Answer 8

Advantages:
* No risk of infection
* Storage less critical
* Good immune response

Disadvantages:
* just activates humoral response (not T cells)
* Not full transient infection
* Boosters required

Question 9

Advantages and disadvantages of subunit/toxoid vaccines

Answer 9

Advantages
* Safe (only parts of pathogen are used)
* No risk of infection
* Easier to store and preserve

Disadvantages:
* Less powerful immune response
* Repeated vaccinations and edjuvants
* Consider genetic heterogeneity of population and choice of antigen

Question 10

Advantages and disadvantages of recombinant vector vaccines

Answer 10

Advantages:
- Ideal stimulus to immune system
- Immunological memory
- Flexible

Disadvantages:
- Can cause illness in compromised individuals
- Immune response can regate effectiveness
- Requires refridgeration for transpor

Question 11

Advantages and disadvantages of live attentuated vaccines

Answer 11

Advantages:
- Full natural immune response
- Prolonged protection
- Often only single immunisation

Disadvantages:
- Immunocompromised patients may become infected
- Can have outbreak in places with poor sanitation

Question 12

Advantages and disadvantages of DNA antigen vaccine

Answer 12

Advantages:
- Safe, even in immunocompromised patients
- No complex storage or transport
- Simple drug delivery

Disadvantages:
- Mild response during boosting
- No transient infection