Microvascular Complications, including pts Flashcards
what is the HbA1c for diabetes
48mmol/mol
what is the HbA1c for pre diabetes
42-48mmol/mol
__% of ingested glucose goes to liver and __% to periphery, mostly muscle
40
60%
what are the main diabetic complications
diabetic retinopathy
diabetic nephrothopy
diabetic neuropathy
whare are the symptoms of neuropathy in diabetes
Pain
* * burning
* parathesia
* hyperthesia
* allodnya
* nocturnal exacrbation
Autonmoc
* gastroperisis
* erectile dysfunction
* incontinence
* constipation
* diarrhoea
Pathogenic
* foot ulceration
* infection
* amputation
* falls
* Charcot foot
what are the steps in the pathway for diabetic amputaiton
1) neuropathy or vascular disease
2) trauma
3) ulcer
4)f ailure to heal
5) infection
6) amputation
what is the eligibility age for national diabetic retinopathy screening
12
what is the diabetic retinopoathy scan screening for
leakage
-BM thickening
-pericyte loss
-reduces junctional contact weith endo thelium
-leaks protein and fat
Ischaemia
-pericyte loos, endothelial cels, thickening bm blocks blood vessels causing ischamies
-glial cels grow down capillaries
-proliferatiojn of new vessels - bleeding in retina
whats the grading for retinopathy screening results
- R0 = none
- R1 = background
- R2 = Pre-proliferative
- R3 = proliferative
- M = maculopathy
- P = photocoagulation
- U = Unclassed
What is the only proven treatment for diabetic retinopathy
Laser therapy
what are the risk of laser treatment
- half notice reduced night vision
- 1/5 lose peripheral vision
- 3% stop driving bcs tunnel vision
- vitreous haemorrhage
Hoe do we diagnose kidney diseas
Decreased eGFR and/or Albuminuria
Diefine diabetic nephrothapy
Define diabetic kidney disease
what are the 4 treatment pillars ofr DKD
1) RAS blockes
2) SGLT2 inhibitors
3) Finerenone
4) GLP-1RA’s
