neoplasms + carcinogens Flashcards
what is a neoplasm
- esion resulting from autonomous/relatively autonomous growth of cells persisting after initiation stimulus has been removedl
- lesion = localised abnormality
what is carcinogenesis
- transformation of normal cells to neoplastic cells through permanent genetic mutations/alterations
85% risk for cancer comes from
a) genetics
b)enviroment
b
what are the classes of carcinogens
chemical
viral
ionising + non ionising
Hormones, paracites and mycotoxins
misc
list some examples of chemical carcinogens, what cancer they cause and how you would come into contact with that carcinogen
* polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Lung and skin cancer: smoking and mineral oild
* aromatic amines: Bladder caner: Ruber, dye, alinine workers
* Nitrosamines: Gut cancer: processing of foods
* Alylating agents: Leukemia: chemotherapy
List some viral carcinogens, what cancer/s they are associated with (DNA VIRUSES)
* Human herpes virus 8: HHV8: Kaposi sarcoma
* Epstein barr virus: EBV: Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
* Hep B: HVB: Hepatocelular carcinoma
* Human papilomavirus: HPV: Sqamous cell carcinomas of penis, anus, cervix, head and neck
* Merklecell polyomavirus: MCV: Merkle cell carcinoma
List some viral carcinogens, what cancer/s they are associated with (RNA VIRUSES)
- Human T- lymphototropiv virus: Adult T cell leukemia
- Hep c: Hepato cellular carcinoma
What hormones cause which cancers
- Inc oestrogen : mammory and endo cancer
- Anabolic steroids: hepstocelluar carcinoma
List a mycotoxin that can cause cancer
Alphatoxin B1: Hepatocellular carcinoma
What parasites can cause cancer
- chlonorchis sinesis: cholangiocarcinoma
- shistosoma: bladder cancer
A 72 yr male from singapore has smoked all of his life, placing lit end cigarettes into his mouth. Reverse smoking increases his risk of developing which cancers
a)bladder
b)lung
c)kidney
d)oral
e) rectal
d
* thermal injury and extra carcinogans damage the oral mucousa
A 42 year old woman has recently returned from Uganda.
She continued her hobby of fresh water swimming during her
trip.
She now complains of an itchy rash and fever, and
her doctor says you suspect she might have schistosomiasis.
Left untreated, this parasitic infection increases the risk of what
type of cancer
a) lung
b)vaginal
c)skin
d) bladder
e) histapatocelluar
d
(sqamous cell carcinoma of bladder)
33 year old man is worried that a substance that
he works with at work may cause cancer.
Which of these is true regarding chemical carcinogens?
a) they all only encountered at work
b)cannot cross the placenta and
c)may cause cancer decades after exposure?
d)caauses cancer in humans if they can
mutate bacteria?
c
