Intro to protozoa

Question 1

what are the 5 classes of protozoa

Answer 1

Flagellates

Amoeba

Microsporidia

Ciliates

Sporozoa

Question 2

What is African Trypanosomiasis

Answer 2

‘sleeping sickness’

caused by Tsetse fly bite

Chancre
  Flu like symptoms
  CNS involvement
        (sleepy, confusion, personality change)
  Coma and death

Diagnosed on blood film or CSF

Question 3

what does a chancre looks like

Answer 3

Bulls eye like rash and localized swelling or nodule at the site of the insect bite.

Question 4

what is American Trypanosomiasis

Answer 4

chagas disease

Spread by Triatomine Bug faeces being rubbed into skin

has acute flu symptoms

has chronic Cardiomyopathy, Megaoesophagus, Megacolon

Question 5

what is Leishmaniasis

Answer 5

Spread by the bite of the sandfly

Three clinical pictures:
Cutaneous
Mucocutaneous
Visceral

Question 6

Describe the clinical feature of Leishmaniasis: cutaneous and Mucocutaneous

Answer 6

**Ulceration and destruction
**
can lead to:

Social rejection
Scarring
Superadded infection

Question 7

Describe the clinical feature of Leishmaniasis: Visceral

Answer 7

Fever
Weight loss
Massive splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Anaemia

High fatality without treatment

Most invasive/dangerous

Question 8

what is Trichomonas vaginalis treated with

Answer 8

Metronidazole

Question 9

what is Giardiasis treated with

Answer 9

Metronizadole

Question 10

List some flagellate protozoa

Answer 10

Giardiasis
Leishmaniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis
American Trypanosomiasis

Question 11

List an amoeba protozoa

Answer 11

Entaemoeba histolytica

Question 12

How is Entaemoeba histolytica spread, symptoms and treated

Answer 12

Faeco-oral spread

Dysentry, Colitis, Liver and lung abscesses

Trophozoites/cysts seen in stool

Treated with metronidazole

can live in colon asymptomatically, can invade the colon and consume RBC

Question 13

List some Sporozoa protozoa

Answer 13

Cryptosporidiosis

Toxoplasmosis (one that cat faeces can spread)

Question 14

what can cause cryptosporidiosis in humans

Answer 14

C.Hominis and C.parvum

Question 15

Describe the symptoms of cryptosporidosis in humans and its treatments

Answer 15

Waterborne

Diarrhoea (Watery, no blood)
Vomiting, fever, weight loss

Oocytes seen in stool (acid fast!)

Usually self limiting
Severe disease in immunocompromised

nitazoxanide

Question 16

what can Toxoplasmosis cause

Answer 16

• Disseminated disease
• Toxoplasma Encephalitis
• Chorioretinitis

Ingestion of contaminated foodand water/feline faeces

Question 17

what does Myalgia mean

Answer 17

muscle aches and pain,

Question 18

How is malaria transmitted

Answer 18

female anopheles mosquito

Question 19

what are the species of female mosqitos that transmit malaria

Answer 19

Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium ovale

Plasmodium vivax

Plasmodium malariae

Plasmodium knowlesi

Question 20

Malaria symptoms

Answer 20

FEVER
Chills
Headache
Myalgia
Fatigue
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Abdo pain

Question 21

what are the signs of malaria

Answer 21

Anaemia

Jaundice (look yellow)

Hepatosplenomegaly (big spleen and liver)

Black water fever that occurs from haemolysis = haemoglobin then passes into the urine (haemoglobinuria)

Question 22

Describe the life cycle of malaria
GO BACK TO LECTURE SLIDE

Answer 22

Starts with mosquito taking a blood meal ingesting gametocytes

GO BACK TO LECTURE SLIDE

Question 23

Are protozoa prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Answer 23

Eukaryotic

Question 24

Describe symptoms of Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 24

Sexually transmitted
Flagellated
Can be asymptomatic
Dysuria
Yellow, frothy discharge

Question 25

How do we diagnose malaria

Answer 25

Thick and thin blood film

thin film can show difference between species of malaria

Question 26

Which species of malaria causes obstructed microcirculation

Answer 26

P. falciparum

Most severe species

Question 27

How is malaria treated

Answer 27

IV artesunate
(IV quinine + doxycycline)