HIV

Question 1

which HIV is the most common cause of the spread of HIV

Answer 1

HIV-1

Question 2

What does HIV decrease

Answer 2

number of CD4 T-lymphocytes

Question 3

what is the structure of HIV virus

Answer 3

Small RNA virus (10kb)

Retrovirus (uses reverse transcriptase to makes DNA copy of itself)

Lentivirus

Question 4

Describe HIV mutation

Answer 4

Error prone replication

Radpid viral replication

Large population sizes 10^10 new particle each day

Question 5

Describe acute HIV-1 infection

Answer 5

Detection of very high levels of virus in blood

Symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome

6-12 weeks

Question 6

How long is the asymptomsatic period of HIV-1

Answer 6

1-15 years

Question 7

Whar are ethe key features of HIV pathogenesis

Answer 7

Hiv is inter=grated into the DNA of infected CD4 expressing cells

Hiv can spready cell to cell very easily

FINNISH FORM PPT

Question 8

Describe activation on HIV pathogenesis

Answer 8

dramativ loss of CD4 + Tcells in lymphoid tissues in Gut (GALT)

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Question 9

Why does the immune response to HIV failr to clear the virus

Answer 9

Immune system generated immune response to HIV involdcing 20 %

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Question 10

Why do most HIV-1 infected ppl fair to make an effective antibody response

Question 11

what do CD8 t cells do

Question 12

How does HIV 1 evade the CTL response

Question 13

what are the key populations of HIV

Answer 13

Sex workers

Gay men +other men who sex with men

Transgender women

Sex worker clients + partners of groups

prisoners

Needle drug users

Question 14

Male to female HIV transmission is ______ as efficient as female to male transmission

Answer 14

2-3x

Question 15

Who is most at risk of acquiring HIV?

Answer 15

15-24 Women

Question 16

How does HIV transmission occur in children

Answer 16

In utero

Intra partum

breast milk

1st twin most likely to be HIV+ve

Question 17

List some preventions of HIV-1 transmission.

Answer 17

Consistent condom use

Male circumcision

Treating STI’s

Microbicide gel for women

Needle and syringe exchange for IVDU’s

PReP

Treatment as prevention (TasP) (96% reduction)

Question 18

What is 95-95-95

Answer 18

The aim was to diagnose 95% of all HIV-positive individuals, provide antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 95% of those diagnosed and achieve viral suppression for 95% of those treated by 2030

Question 19

what causes the immunodeficiency from HIV

Answer 19

HIV replication in CD4 and over time decimates their population

Question 20

what are the 3 markers for HIV infection

Answer 20

Viral load

CD4 cell count

Question 21

What are the symptoms of acute/primary infection?

Answer 21

*fever
*sore throat
*headache
*mouth ulcers
*mild lymphadenopathy
*maculopapular rash
*myalgia
*weight loss

*oral thrush

Question 22

when does HIV become AIDS

Answer 22

CD4 < 200 aids definite illness

Question 23

What are the issues with a late diagnosis of HIV

Answer 23

*Increased transmission

*Increased morbidity

*Increased mortality

Question 24

what is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV

Answer 24

PCP

Question 25

what is the treatment for HIV

Answer 25

Anti virals - usually 3

Question 26

if a patient with fever, rash and non-specific symptoms comes to GP what should you do

Answer 26

Ask about sexual history

Think of HIV seroconversion

Question 27

what should you consider in a seropositive person with a headache

Answer 27

Consider an LP

Question 28

How do you avoid drug resistance in HIV

Answer 28

Good adherence and avoidance of drug interactions