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**Host and Defense > Vaccine Strategies > Flashcards

Vaccine Strategies Flashcards

1
Q

How many deaths happen each year in the US from vaccine preventable diseases?

A

80,000

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2
Q

What is a live attenuated vaccine?

A
  • Vaccine made from weakened viruses or bacteria
  • It must replicate to work
    • Replication mimics natural infection
    • Stimulates immune response
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3
Q

Give some examples of Live attenuated vaccines

A
  1. Herpes Zoster
  2. Varicella
  3. Live attenuated influenza
  4. Measles, mumps, rubella
  5. Oral typhoid capsules
  6. Rotavirus
  7. Yellow Fever
  8. Oral Cholera
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4
Q

What is an inactivated vaccine?

A
  • Made from various fractions of viruses or bacteria:
    • Subvirions, subunits, polysaccharides, toxoids, recombinant antigens

**They do not replicate because they are killed

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5
Q

Give examples of Inactivated vaccines

A
  1. Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis
  2. Haemophilus Influenzae B
  3. Hepatitis A
  4. Hep B
  5. Human Papillomavirus
  6. Inactivated poliovirus
  7. Meningococcal
  8. Pneumococcal
  9. Rabies
  10. Inactivated influenza
  11. Typhoid injection
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6
Q

What are some factors of vaccines and do live or attenuated vaccines usually have more of each?

A
  1. Storage requirements
  2. Duration of protection
  3. Adverse effects
  4. Contraindications or precautions

Live usually has more of all of these

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7
Q

Why wouldn’t you give a patient a live attenuated vaccine

A

If they are immunocompromised or pregnant or something

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8
Q

What recommendations should you always follow for vaccines?

A

ACIP recommendations

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9
Q

What are the general rules for the timing of vaccines?

A
  1. Follow the ACIP vaccine schedules
  2. 4 day grace period for inactivated vaccines (but don’t use it)
  3. If go too long between doses, do not need to restart the series
  4. If live vaccines are not administered simultaneously must wait 4 weeks between
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10
Q

T/F A patient only needs to be offer the Vaccine Information Statement the first time they come in for a vaccine

A

FALSE, With every immunization you need to give it to them

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11
Q

What should you do if a patient has an adverse reaction to a vaccine?

A
  • Document in your medical record

- Report adverse reactions to Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)

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12
Q

List some anaphylaxis symptoms

A
  1. Sudden or gradual onset of generalized itching
  2. Erythema
  3. Urticaria (hives)
  4. Angioedema
  5. Severe Bronchospasm
  6. Shortness of breath
  7. Abdominal cramping
  8. Shock
  9. Cardiovascular collapse
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13
Q

What are some important factors involved in administration technique of a vaccine?

A
  1. IM vs SC
  2. Diluents
  3. Shaking vaccines
  4. Storage
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