Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

**Host and Defense > Skin and Soft Tissue > Flashcards

Skin and Soft Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line of defense against microbial invasion?

A

Intact Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do Rubor, Calor, Tumor, and Dolor mean respectively?

A
  1. Redness (erythema)
  2. Warmth
  3. Edema
  4. Tenderness (pain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did he say causes Crepitus?

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What diseases would mimic a SSTI and would require a differential diagnosis?

A
  1. Gout
  2. Thrombophlebitis
  3. Deep vein thrombosis
  4. Contact Dermatitis
  5. Drug Eruption
  6. Foreign body reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Minor infection, associated with friction and sweat gland activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What types of bacteria can cause folliculitis?

A
  1. Staph Aureus

2. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bacteria causes Hot tub folliculitis?

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you treat folliculitis?

A

Soap and water; Topical antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What bacteria cause Acne?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does Propionbacterium cause acne?

A

Multiplies behind or within sebum trapped in follicles or glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Acne

A

Inflammation of hair follicles associated sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can contribute to Acne?

A

Hormonal influences, organic acids produced by P. acnes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common cause of soft tissue abscess?

A

Staph aureus (this includes MRSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes a soft tissue abscess?

A

Any breach in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What areas are often polymicrobial?

A
  • Oral
  • rectal
  • Vulvo-vaginal
  • IV drug users also
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a Furuncle?

A

-Abscess in the area of a hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a furuncle often referred to as?

A

Boil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F Furuncles are often recurrent

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A
  • Multilocated abscess

- Spread of infection to subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What causes a Carbuncle?

A

Staph Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you treat a carbuncle?

A

Incision and drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What bacteria cause Necrotizing Fasciitis?

A
  • Group A strep
  • Staph Aureus
  • Anaerobic: Colstricium perfringens (spores)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the virulence factor of Necrotizing Fasciitis?

A

Enzyme-producing bacteria that digest fascial barriers and cause tissue necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

At what rate can necrotizing fasciitis spread

A

rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is Fournier’s gangrene?

A

Polymicrobial infection of the genitals and perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe pain as a symptom of necrotizing fasciitis

A

Pain is usually out of proportion to exam findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are some common symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis?

A
  • Edema
  • Erythema
  • Pain
  • Crepitus * (rare)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the most common pathogen in surgical wound infections?

A

Staph Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where does the Staph Aureus come from to infect surgical wounds?

A
  1. Patient’s own skin or normal flora
  2. Transmission by fomites, hands, air
  3. Environmental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a fomite?

A

Inanimate objects that can transmit pathogenic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the main where to prevent surgical wounds?

A

Perioperative antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the 3 genera that cause fungal infections?

A
  1. Trichophyton
  2. Microsporum
  3. Epidermophyton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the most common yeast infection?

A

Candida Albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How do you treat Candida albicans infections?

A

Topical antifungals; systemic antifungals if severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the most common fungal infections that we see?

A

Dermathophyte fungi-Tinea Cruris, Corporis,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What type of infections do dermatophyte fungi cause?

A

Superficial hair skin and nail infections

  1. Ringworm
  2. Nail infections: onchomycosis
  3. Keratinized layers of skin or nails
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What areas of the body are more prone to yeast infections?

A

Warm, most areas of the body: Mouth, vagina, armpit, fat folds, butt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are three examples of yeast infections caused by candida?

A
  1. Diaper rash
  2. Intertrigo
  3. Thrush
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where would you find an impetigo infection?

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does impetigo look like?

A

Honey crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are two things that cause impetigo?

A
  1. Group A. Strep

2. Staph Aureus

42
Q

T/F Impetigo is ugly but not contagious

A

FALSE, it is highly contagious

43
Q

How do you treat Impetigo?

A

Penicillin, topical Antibiotic

44
Q

What Causes Erysipelas?

A

Group A strep

45
Q

Where would an Erysipelas infection be in the skin?

A

Deep layers of dermis

46
Q

How do you treat Erysipelas?

A

Penicillin

47
Q

T/F Erysipelas spreads rapidly

A

TRUE

48
Q

What are some systemic signs that might accompany Erysipelas

A

Maybe a fever and headache, etc

49
Q

What causes Cellulitis?

A
  1. Group A strep 2. Staph Aureus

3. Gram Negatives

50
Q

Where in the skin does a cellulitis infection occur?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

51
Q

In what situations would Gram negatives cause Cellulitis?

A
  1. Immunocompromised
  2. Nosocomial
  3. Wounds
  4. Diabetes Mellitus
52
Q

How do you treat cellulitis?

A

Systemic antibiotics

53
Q

Is culture useful with cellulitis?

A

Not really

54
Q

What factors increase risk of wound infections?

A
  1. High number or organisms
  2. Higher Virulence of Organisms
  3. Poor circulation near wound
  4. Poor General health
  5. Poor nutrition status
  6. Diabetes
  7. Immune comporomise
55
Q

What is the all time champion of microbial pathogens?

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

56
Q

Puss causes _____, ___, locally destructive __ lesions

A
  1. Acute
  2. Aggressive
  3. Purulent
57
Q

Where does staph colonize?

A

Anterior nares

58
Q

What percent of the population is carrying staph at any given time?

A

10-30% although that percentage is higher in healthcare workers and patients

59
Q

T/F once in skin, staph easily accesses deeper tissue through skin appendages or trauma

A

TRUE

60
Q

What can alpha toxins from staph cause?

A

Staph scalded skin syndrome

61
Q

What is Exfoliatin

A

Bullous Impetigo

62
Q

What does TSST-1 cause?

A

Staph Toxic Shock syndrome

63
Q

What toxin will cause Staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

Enterotoxin

64
Q

What does MSSA stand for?

A

Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus

65
Q

How does MRSA become resistant to Beta lactams?

A
  • Acquires mecA gene
  • Makes new PBP with reduced affinity for Beta-Lactams
  • Resistant to all Beta-lactams
66
Q

What are the drugs of choice for MSSA?

A
  1. Anti-Staphylococcal PCN
    • Nafcillin
    • Oxacillin
  2. Cephalosporins
67
Q

What are risk factors for MRSA

A
  1. Close skin-skin contact
  2. Crowded Living conditions
  3. Poor hygiene
  4. IV drug use
68
Q

How do you treat MRSA?

A
  1. Trimethoprim-Sulfa
  2. Doxycycline
  3. Vancomycin
  4. Linezolid
  5. Daptomycin
69
Q

What are some Post-Strep sequelaes?

A
  1. Rheumatic fever
    • can follow Pharyngitis
  2. Post-strep glomerulonephritis
    • can follow Pharyngitis or soft tissue infection
70
Q

Group A strep has over ____ serotypes on antigenic differences in _____

A
  1. 100

2. M protein

71
Q

In what way are Streptolysins O and S cytotoxic?

A

They lyse leukocytes, tissue cells, and platelets

72
Q

Name 3 enzymes produced by Group A strep

A
  1. Streptokinase
  2. hyaluronidase
  3. DNase
73
Q

What does Streptokinsase doe?

A

It is a protease

74
Q

What does Hyaluronidase do?

A

Degrades Carbohydrates

75
Q

What does DNase do?

A

Degrades DNA

76
Q

Describe Clostridium perfringens

A

Anaerobic, spore-forming, gram positive rod with square ends

77
Q

Where would you find Clostridium Pergringens?

A

Soil and human colon

78
Q

What kind of infections can C. Perfringens cause?

A

Soft tissue infections:

  1. Wound infection
  2. Gas Gangrene: Traumatic wounds contaminated with spores from dirt or host’s own intestinal flora
  3. These infections can be rapidly fatal
79
Q

T/F C. perfringens produces Hydrogen and CO2 gas in tissue and has multiple exotoxins

A

TRUE

80
Q

What causes Pasteurella multocida and how do you get it?

A

Caused by gram negative rods and you can get it from animal bites

81
Q

Describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram negative rod

82
Q

Does P. Aeruginosa ferment things?

A

It is a prototypical non-fermenter

83
Q

Where can you find P. Aeruginosa?

A

Environmental Pathogen:

  • Water
  • Hospital rooms
84
Q

What can P aeruginosa cause?

A
  • Numerous skin infections
  • Examples:
    • Hot tub folliculitis
    • Secondary infection after burns
85
Q

Describe Vibrio vulnificus

A

Gram negative rod

86
Q

Where would you find vibrio vulnificus?

A

In salt water environments: colonize shellfish

87
Q

What is vibrio vulnificus associated with?

A

Iron overload and cirrhosis

88
Q

What does the progression of vibrio vulnificus look like?

A

Fever -> Sepsis –> Hemorrhagic Bullae

89
Q

What do you call a Mycetoma infection?

A

Madura foot

90
Q

What bacteria can cause Madura foot?

A
  • Actinomyces

- Nocardia

91
Q

T/F Madura foot can also be caused by fungus

A

TRUE

Lots of molds

92
Q

What causes Sporotrichosis?

A

Sporothrix schenckii: rose gardener’s thumb

93
Q

A microbiological diagnosis is often ____

A

Clinical

94
Q

In a microbiological diagnosis, surface cultures are often ____, and rarely have _____

A
  • Positive

- the pathogen causing the infection

95
Q

Biopsies of microbiologic infections are rarely ____

A

Positive

96
Q

Inflammation in infected areas is often due more to _____ rather than _____

A
  • immune response

- “lots” of organisms

97
Q

What is pus great for?

A

Diagnosis

98
Q

If the infection is severe what can you use to help diagnose?

A

Blood cultures

99
Q

If you see an abscess on the skin, what organism should you suspect?

A

Staph aureus

100
Q

If you see an abscess in the mouth, rectum, or vagina what should be be thinking?

A

Polymicrobial infection

101
Q

If you diagnose Cellulitis or Erysipelas what organisms should you be thinking of?

A

Strep pyogenes (Group A strep)

102
Q

What are some host and exposure considerations to detect other possible pathogens in an infection?

A
  • IVDU: pseudomonas

- Cat or dot bites: Pasteurella

**Host and Defense (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions