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**Host and Defense > B cells: Antibodies and Diversity > Flashcards

B cells: Antibodies and Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the one Job of B cell?

A

Produce Antibodies

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2
Q

B cells target ______

A

One antigen epitope

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3
Q

B cells affect ________ pathogens

A

extracellular

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4
Q

B Cells have infinite ________

A

Target Diversity

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5
Q

T/F B cells have a high probability of reaching maturation

A

FALSE, low probability

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6
Q

B cells undergo _____ selection and _____

A
  1. Clonal

2. Expansion

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7
Q

T/F B cells improve targeting following activation

A

TRUE

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8
Q

B cells can persist for how long?

A

years

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9
Q

What are the 6 phases of B cell development?

A
  1. Repertoire assembly
  2. Negative Selection
  3. Positive Selection
  4. Searching for infection
  5. Finding infection
  6. Attacking infection
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10
Q

What happens during Repertoire assembly?

A

Generation of diverse and clonally expressed B-cell receptors in the bone marrow

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11
Q

What happens during negative selection?

A

Alteration, elimination or inactivation of B-cell receptors that bind to components of the human body

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12
Q

Where do the first 3 phases of B cell development happen?

A

Bone marrow, essentially just putting together an antibody

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13
Q

What happens during positive selection?

A

Promotion of a fraction of immature B cells to become mature B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues

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14
Q

What Happens during Phase 4?

A

Recirculation of mature B cells between lymph, blood, and secondary lymphoid tissue

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15
Q

What happens during phase 5?

A

Activation and clonal expansion of B cells by pathogen-derived antigens in secondary lymphoid tissues

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16
Q

What happens during phase 6?

A

Differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells in secondary lymphoid tissue

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17
Q

Antigen is anything a B cell antibody or a T cell receptor (with the help of MHC) can bind T/F

A

TRUE

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18
Q

T/F antibodies are Immunoglobulins and glycoproteins

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Antigens are ______ specific

A

epitope

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20
Q

Name 4 effector functions of antibodies

A
  1. Receptors
    • B cells
    • Granulocytes (mast cells and basophils)
  2. Neutralization
  3. Opsonization
  4. Signaling
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21
Q

What is the theoretical target diversity of Antibodies?

A

1 x 10E16

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22
Q

What is the practical target diversity of antibodies?

A

1x 10E9

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23
Q

Name 3 sources of antigen diversity

A
  1. Genetic recombination
  2. Junctional Diversity
  3. Somatic Hypermutation
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24
Q

What portion of the antibody determines its class?

A

Isotype determines antibody class (This is part of the heavy chain)

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25
T/F While the light chain binds antigen, the heavy chain is only responsible for class distinction
FALSE, both bind antigen
26
What are the two different protein chains of antibodies?
Heavy and Light chain
27
Define Isotype
Variation within a particular protein
28
Is the light or heavy chain responsible for Receptor interaction?
Heavy chain
29
Does the light or heavy chain have a small variable region?
Heavy chain **Light chain has proportionally large variable region
30
What are the two isotypes in the light chain?
Kappa and lambda
31
T/F Different genes encode the heavy and light chains
TRUE
32
Each antibody had how many Fab regions?
2, these are the antigen binding regions
33
How many Fc regions does each antibody have?
1, these are the conserved regions that receptors bind to
34
What dictates the 5 antibody classes?
Heavy chains
35
What are the 2 types of Multimeric complexes?
1. Pentameric | 2. Dimeric
36
Which antibody is a good example of pentameric complexes?
IgM, these are good at recruiting complement because you need relatively low energy to get this antibody to bind
37
Which antibody is a good example of a Dimeric complex?
IgA
38
Define antigen
A molecule recognized by a B cell or a T cell
39
What is an Epitope?
The region of an antigen ound by an antibody or MHC/TCR
40
What does HV stand for?
-
41
What does CDR stand for?
-
42
What are the different types of epitopes?
1. Linear epitope 2. Discontinuous epitope 3. Multivalent antigen with different epitopes 4. Multivalent antigen with a repeated epitope
43
The _______ of the IgG molecule is crucioal for its function of binding simultaneously to ____ and to _________ and receptors of the immune system
1. flexibility 2. Pathogens 3. effector molecules
44
What two things can change Antibody Structure?
1. Gene rearrangement 2. Somatic Hypermutation 3. Isotype switching (these last two happen once B cell is in a lymph node and activated
45
How many different chromosomal locations are there that have the info to make antibodies?
3
46
Antibody production requires ________
Recombination
47
What is allelic exclusion?
Only one functional chromosome
48
Somatic recombination creates _______
Antibody coding Sequence
49
T/F Recombination follows a set sequence
TRUE
50
Segments in somatic recombination are randomly paired T/F
TRUE
51
What does the RAG complex do?
Randomly pairs gene segments
52
When is junctional diversity created?
During recombination
53
What does TdT stand for?
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl transferase
54
T/F A single B cell can express all antibody isotypes
TRUE
55
How many antigen binding regions do you get per B cell?
One
56
T/F Isotype switching is temporary and is due to the different type of infections
FALSE, it is permanent
57
What is the order of the RAG complex thing?
----Slide 15----
58
Which antibodies are first expressed?
IgM and IgD
59
What receptors bind conserved regions of antibodies?
Fc receptors
60
What are the two places where diversity comes in on antibodies?
-------
61
What function as the B cell receptors?
Ig-alpha, Ig-Beta
62
What does polyclonal mean?
Multiple antibodies targeted against the same antigen
63
What is Monoclonal mean?
A single antibody targeted against a single antigen
64
What are the diagnostic uses of Antibodies?
1. Pathogen Identification 2. Protein Quantification 3. Cellular Identification
65
What are the therapeutic uses of antibodies?
1. Targeted killing 2. Chemical delivery 3. Immunomodulatory

**Host and Defense (31 decks)

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