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**Host and Defense > B cells: Antibodies and Diversity > Flashcards

B cells: Antibodies and Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the one Job of B cell?

A

Produce Antibodies

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2
Q

B cells target ______

A

One antigen epitope

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3
Q

B cells affect ________ pathogens

A

extracellular

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4
Q

B Cells have infinite ________

A

Target Diversity

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5
Q

T/F B cells have a high probability of reaching maturation

A

FALSE, low probability

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6
Q

B cells undergo _____ selection and _____

A
  1. Clonal

2. Expansion

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7
Q

T/F B cells improve targeting following activation

A

TRUE

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8
Q

B cells can persist for how long?

A

years

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9
Q

What are the 6 phases of B cell development?

A
  1. Repertoire assembly
  2. Negative Selection
  3. Positive Selection
  4. Searching for infection
  5. Finding infection
  6. Attacking infection
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10
Q

What happens during Repertoire assembly?

A

Generation of diverse and clonally expressed B-cell receptors in the bone marrow

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11
Q

What happens during negative selection?

A

Alteration, elimination or inactivation of B-cell receptors that bind to components of the human body

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12
Q

Where do the first 3 phases of B cell development happen?

A

Bone marrow, essentially just putting together an antibody

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13
Q

What happens during positive selection?

A

Promotion of a fraction of immature B cells to become mature B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues

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14
Q

What Happens during Phase 4?

A

Recirculation of mature B cells between lymph, blood, and secondary lymphoid tissue

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15
Q

What happens during phase 5?

A

Activation and clonal expansion of B cells by pathogen-derived antigens in secondary lymphoid tissues

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16
Q

What happens during phase 6?

A

Differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells in secondary lymphoid tissue

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17
Q

Antigen is anything a B cell antibody or a T cell receptor (with the help of MHC) can bind T/F

A

TRUE

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18
Q

T/F antibodies are Immunoglobulins and glycoproteins

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Antigens are ______ specific

A

epitope

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20
Q

Name 4 effector functions of antibodies

A
  1. Receptors
    • B cells
    • Granulocytes (mast cells and basophils)
  2. Neutralization
  3. Opsonization
  4. Signaling
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21
Q

What is the theoretical target diversity of Antibodies?

A

1 x 10E16

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22
Q

What is the practical target diversity of antibodies?

A

1x 10E9

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23
Q

Name 3 sources of antigen diversity

A
  1. Genetic recombination
  2. Junctional Diversity
  3. Somatic Hypermutation
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24
Q

What portion of the antibody determines its class?

A

Isotype determines antibody class (This is part of the heavy chain)

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25
Q

T/F While the light chain binds antigen, the heavy chain is only responsible for class distinction

A

FALSE, both bind antigen

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26
Q

What are the two different protein chains of antibodies?

A

Heavy and Light chain

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27
Q

Define Isotype

A

Variation within a particular protein

28
Q

Is the light or heavy chain responsible for Receptor interaction?

A

Heavy chain

29
Q

Does the light or heavy chain have a small variable region?

A

Heavy chain

**Light chain has proportionally large variable region

30
Q

What are the two isotypes in the light chain?

A

Kappa and lambda

31
Q

T/F Different genes encode the heavy and light chains

A

TRUE

32
Q

Each antibody had how many Fab regions?

A

2, these are the antigen binding regions

33
Q

How many Fc regions does each antibody have?

A

1, these are the conserved regions that receptors bind to

34
Q

What dictates the 5 antibody classes?

A

Heavy chains

35
Q

What are the 2 types of Multimeric complexes?

A
  1. Pentameric

2. Dimeric

36
Q

Which antibody is a good example of pentameric complexes?

A

IgM, these are good at recruiting complement because you need relatively low energy to get this antibody to bind

37
Q

Which antibody is a good example of a Dimeric complex?

A

IgA

38
Q

Define antigen

A

A molecule recognized by a B cell or a T cell

39
Q

What is an Epitope?

A

The region of an antigen ound by an antibody or MHC/TCR

40
Q

What does HV stand for?

A

-

41
Q

What does CDR stand for?

A

-

42
Q

What are the different types of epitopes?

A
  1. Linear epitope
  2. Discontinuous epitope
  3. Multivalent antigen with different epitopes
  4. Multivalent antigen with a repeated epitope
43
Q

The _______ of the IgG molecule is crucioal for its function of binding simultaneously to ____ and to _________ and receptors of the immune system

A
  1. flexibility
  2. Pathogens
  3. effector molecules
44
Q

What two things can change Antibody Structure?

A
  1. Gene rearrangement
  2. Somatic Hypermutation
  3. Isotype switching (these last two happen once B cell is in a lymph node and activated
45
Q

How many different chromosomal locations are there that have the info to make antibodies?

A

3

46
Q

Antibody production requires ________

A

Recombination

47
Q

What is allelic exclusion?

A

Only one functional chromosome

48
Q

Somatic recombination creates _______

A

Antibody coding Sequence

49
Q

T/F Recombination follows a set sequence

A

TRUE

50
Q

Segments in somatic recombination are randomly paired T/F

A

TRUE

51
Q

What does the RAG complex do?

A

Randomly pairs gene segments

52
Q

When is junctional diversity created?

A

During recombination

53
Q

What does TdT stand for?

A

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl transferase

54
Q

T/F A single B cell can express all antibody isotypes

A

TRUE

55
Q

How many antigen binding regions do you get per B cell?

A

One

56
Q

T/F Isotype switching is temporary and is due to the different type of infections

A

FALSE, it is permanent

57
Q

What is the order of the RAG complex thing?

A

—-Slide 15—-

58
Q

Which antibodies are first expressed?

A

IgM and IgD

59
Q

What receptors bind conserved regions of antibodies?

A

Fc receptors

60
Q

What are the two places where diversity comes in on antibodies?

A
61
Q

What function as the B cell receptors?

A

Ig-alpha, Ig-Beta

62
Q

What does polyclonal mean?

A

Multiple antibodies targeted against the same antigen

63
Q

What is Monoclonal mean?

A

A single antibody targeted against a single antigen

64
Q

What are the diagnostic uses of Antibodies?

A
  1. Pathogen Identification
  2. Protein Quantification
  3. Cellular Identification
65
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of antibodies?

A
  1. Targeted killing
  2. Chemical delivery
  3. Immunomodulatory

**Host and Defense (31 decks)

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