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**Host and Defense > B Cells: Development > Flashcards

B Cells: Development Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the first 3 phases of B cell development happen?

A

Bone Marrow

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2
Q

Where do the last 3 phases of cell development and a little bit of the 3rd happen?

A

In the periphery

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3
Q

B cells are _______ and ______

A
  1. Diverse

2. Specific

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4
Q

T/F B cells are stockpiled in the lymphatic system

A

FALSE, they are NOT stockpiled but constantly replaced

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5
Q

How many B cells are made per day?

A

30 billion

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6
Q

What is the mature half life of a B cell?

A

50-100 days

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7
Q

Antibody repertoire of a B cell undergoes _______

A

Constant evolution

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8
Q

B cell populations are _____ at each phase

A

Winnowed (thinned out?)

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9
Q

In the bone marrow, what does the progression of a B cell look like?

A
  1. Stem cell
  2. Early pro-B cell
  3. Late pro-B cell
  4. Large pre-B cell
  5. Small pre-B cell
  6. Immature B cell
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10
Q

In the Secondary lymphoid organs and circulation what does the progression of a B cell look like?

A
  1. Immature B cell
  2. Mature Naive B cell
  3. Antigen-Activated B lymphoblast
  4. Antibody-Secreting plasma cell
  5. Memory cell
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11
Q

T/F Early and Late pro B-Cells are rich in immunoglobulin

A

FALSE, they have no immunoglobulin

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12
Q

What type of cell interactions drive B cell development?

A

Stromal cell

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13
Q

Stromal cells express ________ and __________

A
  1. Adhesion molecules

2. Growth factors

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14
Q

T/F Pro-B cells are programmed to die in the absence of survival signals

A

True

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15
Q

______ receptor expression changes with progression through developmental stages

A

B cell

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16
Q

At what stage in development does a B cell leave the bone marrow?

A

Immature B cell

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17
Q

What is happening in an Early pro-B cell regarding Heavy chain rearrangement?

A
  1. RAG proteins Activated
  2. Heavy chain D and J segments joined
  3. Occurs on both chromosomes
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18
Q

What is happening in a Late pro-B cell with regards to heavy chain rearrangement?

A
  1. Heavy chain V and DJ segments joined
  2. Occurs sequentially on chromosomes
  3. Two chances for rearrangement
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19
Q

What causes the transition from Pro to Pre B cell?

A

Pre-BCR signaling

20
Q

T/F A functional heavy chain is produced by only one chromosome

A

True

*This is called Allelic exclusion

21
Q

What does IgBeta signaling do in the checkpoint from pro to pre B cell?

A
  1. Checkpoint clearance
  2. Turns off RAG proteins
  3. Inintiates Cell division
  4. Allelic Exclusion
22
Q

In the transition from Pro to pre B cell, what is happening with the Late Pro-B cell?

A
  1. VDJ rearrangement prodeucese pre-BCR
  2. Pre-BCR expressed in the ER
  3. Surrogate light chain expressed
  4. Igalpha/beta expressed
23
Q

What would happen if you did not have allelic exclusion

A

Heterogenous B cell receptors with low-avidity binding

24
Q

Each large pre-B cell becomes about how many small pre-B cells?

A

100

25
Q

Going from Large to small pre-B cell what happens to the RAG genes?

A

They are reactivated

26
Q

T/F Each small pre-B cell has a unique recombination per cell

A

True

27
Q

In Light chain rearrangement, how many recombination attempts are there per chromosome?

A

4 to 5

28
Q

Approximately how many small pre-B cells survive?

A

85%

29
Q

Where are the two different checkpoints in B Cell development in the bone marrow?

A
  1. Pre-B cell receptor
    • Selects for functional heavy chains
  2. B-Cell receptor
    • Selects for functional light chains
30
Q

Immature B cells undergo __________

A

Negative selection

31
Q

Exposure to self antigen ensures _______

A

Tolerance

32
Q

What is Tolerace?

A

Inability to respond to self antigen

33
Q

What are the two types of Tolerance?

A
  1. Central

2. Peripheral

34
Q

What is Central tolerance?

A

Tolerance acquired in bone marrow

35
Q

What is Peripheral tolerance?

A

Tolerance acquired in the periphery

36
Q

What are the 3 fates of a B cell in negative selection?

A
  1. Light chain reorganization
  2. Apoptosis
  3. Anergy
37
Q

What is Anergy?

A

Cells that are still alive but essentially shut down all their signaling and activating processes

*Usually die after about 3-5 days

38
Q

Immature B cells migrate to ______

A

Lymphoid tissues

39
Q

Where to B cells mature?

A

In secondary lymphoid tissues

40
Q

Give 3 examples of secondary lymphoid tissues where B cells can mature

A
  1. Spleen
  2. Lymph nodes
  3. GALTs
41
Q

What does HEV stand for?

A

High Endothelial Venule

42
Q

How do B cells enter into lymph nodes?

A

HEV

43
Q

T/F B cells are draw to secondary lymphoid tissues by chemokines

A

True

44
Q

What are the steps of B cell activation in the Lymphoid tissues?

A
  1. Antigen Exposure in the cortex
  2. Interaction with T cells
  3. Migration, secondary lymphoid follicle formation, and clonal expansion
  4. Plasma cell production
45
Q

What does the IgD/IgM expression look like in a Mature Naive B cell?

A
  • Increased IgD expression

- Decreased IgM expression

46
Q

What are the steps of B cell maturation within secondary lymphoid tissues?

A
  1. Chemokine CCL21 attracts immature B cells to HEV
  2. Chemokins CCL21 and CCL19 attract B cells into Lymph Node
  3. Chemokine CXCL13 attracts B cells into the primary follicle
  4. Interactions with follicular dendritic cells and cytokines drives the maturation of immature B cells
  5. Mature B cells recirculated between lymph, blood, and secondary lymphoid tissues
47
Q

Name two attributes of Positive Selection

A
  1. Lymph Node Localization

2. BAFF signaling

**Host and Defense (31 decks)

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