Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

**Host and Defense > T cell mediated immunity > Flashcards

T cell mediated immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Which T cell is the direct effector T cell arm?

A

CD8 T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which T cell is the regulatory T cell arm?

A

CD4 Th cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which T cell has a targeted effector function?

A

Both CD8 and CD4 Th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which T cells kill infected or diseased cells?

A

CD8 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which T cells enhance innate and apaptive immunity?

A

CD 4 Th cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What initiates T cell immunity?

A

Antigen presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common T cell activator?

A

Dendritic Cells

*DCs must be activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does antigen presentation occur?

A

In secondary lymphoid organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dendritic cells mature through ____________

A

Antigen activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Immature dendritic cells in peripheral tissues encounter pathogens and are activated by what?

A

PAMPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In dendritic cell maturation, after being activated by PAMPs, ______ signaling induces ____ and enhances processing of _________

A
  1. TLR signaling
  2. CCR7
  3. Pathogen-derived antigens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What role does CCR7 play in dendritic cell maturation?

A
  • Directs migration into lymphoid tissues

- Augments expression of co-stimulatory molecules and MHC molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mature dendritic cell in ______ primes ______

A
  1. T-cell Zone

2. Naive T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dendritic cells are targeted to lymph nodes by ______ binding _____ and ________

A
  1. CCR7
  2. CCL19
  3. CCL21
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dendritic cells take up _____ in the skin and then move to enter a draining ____

A
  1. Bacterial antigens

2. Lymphatic vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dendritic cells bearing antigen enter the draining lymph node, where they settle in the ______

A

T-cell area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F Antigen presenting cells distribute differentially in lymph nodes

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dendritic cells are primarily associated with what areas?

A

T cell areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Macrophages are primarily associated with what areas?

A

All areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

B cells are primarily associated with which areas?

A

B cell areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dendritic cells present antigen by ____ and ____

A
  1. MHC I

2. MHC II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is critical for CD8 T cell activation?

A

Cross-presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Circulating naive T cells are exposed to antigens at ______

A

Lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F Naive T cell population stays the same through lymph nodes

A

False, the naive T cell population rotates through lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Naive T cells monitor ______ presented by __________

A
  1. Antigens

2. Dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

T cells and Dendritic cells form _______

A

Immune Synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

List the steps of a formation of an immune synapse between a T cell and dendritic cell

A
  1. T cell initially binds dendritic cell through low-affinity LFA-1:ICAM-1 interactions
  2. Subsequent binding of T-cell receptors sends signal to LFA-1
  3. Conformational change in LFA-1 increases affinity and prolongs cell-cell contact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the two different regions of the immune synapse formed by T cells and dendritic cells?

A
  1. c-SMAC (inner)

2. p-SMAC (outer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many signals does T cell activation require?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the three kinds of signals that APCs deliver to naive T cells?

A
  1. Activation
  2. Survival
  3. Differentiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the 3 specific things involved with each type of signal received by a naive T cell?

A
  1. Activation: T cell receptor
  2. Survival: Co-Stimulatory molecules
  3. Differentiation: Cytokines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When signaling activation, name 3 things that are associated with the T cell receptor

A
  1. Peptide recognition
  2. MHC I or II
  3. CD8 or CD4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When signaling Survival to a naive T cell, name 4 things associated with Co-stimulatory molecules

A
  1. Survival signal
  2. B7 family (APC)
  3. CD28 family (T cells)
  4. *B7-CD28 required for T cell activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When signaling differentiation to a naive T cell, name 3 things associated with cytokines

A
  1. Paracrine and autocrine signaling
  2. Propagation (IL-2)
  3. Differentiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

IL-2 signals differentiation for which cells?

A
  • CD8

- All Th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

IL-4 signals differentiation for which cells?

A

Th2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

IL-6 signals differentiation for which cells?

A

Tfh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

IL-12 signals differentiation for which cells?

A

Th1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What combination of cytokines signals differentiation for Th17?

A

TGF-B + IL-16 + IL-23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What cytokine signals differentiation for Treg cells?

A

TGF-B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

List the different cytokines involved with signaling differentiation

A
  1. IL-2
  2. IL-4
  3. IL-6
  4. IL-12
  5. TGF-B + IL-16 + IL-23
  6. TGF-B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Co-stimulation is required for ______

A

Activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What happens when you have a specific antigen and co-stimulator?

A

T cell is activated and proliferates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What happens when you have the specific antigen alone?

A

T cell becomes anergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What happens when an anergic T cell comes in contace with specific antigen and co-stimulator?

A

T cells stays anergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

T/F B7 is only expressed on APCs that have been activated

A

True

47
Q

Naive T cell TCR activation in the absence of co-stimulation leads to _______

A

anergy

48
Q

Activation induces what T cell changes?

A
  1. Differentiation
  2. Clonal expansion
  3. Changes in surface protein expression
  4. Migration to target tissues
  5. Effector functions
49
Q

CD8 T cells differentiate into what?

A
  • Effector cells

- Memory cells

50
Q

CD4 T cells differentiate into what?

A
  1. Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh, Treg
  2. Effector cells
  3. Memory cells
51
Q

What tissues will T cells migrate to?

A
  • Lymph nodes

- Sites of infection or damage

52
Q

IL-2 drives _____

A

Clonal expansion

*for all T cell lineages

53
Q

Resting T cells express only a ______ IL-2 receptor

A

Moderate affinity

*IL-2R Beta and gamma chains only

54
Q

Activated T cells express a ________ IL-2 receptor and secrete _______

A
  1. High-affinity
  2. IL-2

*IL-2 R Alpha, Beta, and Gamma chains

55
Q

Binding of IL-2 to its receptor signals the cell to _______

A

Enter the cell cycle

56
Q

IL-2 induces ________

A

T-cell proliferation

57
Q

What type of signaling is prevalent in T cell proliferation and clonal expansion involving IL-2?

A

Autocrine signaling

58
Q

What inhibits T cell activation and proliferation?

A

CTLA-4

59
Q

What does CTLA-4 stand for?

A

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4

60
Q

T/F CTLA-4 binds B7 with less avidity than does CD28

A

FALSE, It binds more avidly and delivers inhibitory signals to activated T cells

61
Q

T/F T cells Die after effector functions are performed

A

False

62
Q

CLTA-4 is expressed on which type of T cells activated or resting?

A

Activated

63
Q

B7 binds CTLA-4 how much stronger than it will bind CD28?

A

Twenty fold

64
Q

CTLA-4 binding an APC after activation leads to what?

A

T cell inhibition

65
Q

You could say that CD8 T cells are selective serial killers T/F

A

True

66
Q

Do CD8 T cells die once effector functions are complete?

A

No

67
Q

CD8 T cells only kill cells expressing what?

A

Targeted peptide via MHC I

68
Q

CD8 T cells differentiate into _____ and _______ cells

A
  1. Effector

2. Memory

69
Q

T/F CD8 T cells kill repeatedly

A

True

70
Q

How many ways are there to activate Naive CD8 T cells?

A

Two

71
Q

What are the two ways to activating a Naive CD8 T cell?

A
  1. Dendritic cells infected with some types of virus can activate a naive virus-specific T cell on their own
  2. Dendritic cells infected with some viruses need help to activate a naive virus-specific CD8 T cell
72
Q

What are the steps for activating naive CD8 cells via dendritic cells that can activate T cell on their own?

A
  1. Dendritic cell sends a sufficiently strong signal to activate the CD8 T cell to effector status
  2. Activated Virus-specific CD8 T cell makes IL-2, driving its own proliferation and differentiation
73
Q

What are the steps for activating a naive CD8 T cell by dendritic cells that need help?

A
  1. Dendritic cell activates virus-specific CD4 T cell to secrete Il-2 and virus-specific CD8 T cell to express IL-2 receptors
  2. IL-2 from the CD4 T cell drives the proliferation and differentiation of the virus-specific CD8 T cell
74
Q

CD8 T cells kill repeatedly, but also _______

A

specifically

75
Q

T/F CD8 T cells require a secondary signal to kill

A

False

76
Q

Protein granules of Cytotoxic T cells contain what 3 things?

A
  1. Perforin
  2. Granzymes
  3. Granulysis
77
Q

What do perforins do?

A

Aids in delivering contents of granules into the cytoplasm of target cell

78
Q

What do granzymes do?

A

They are serine proteases, which activate apoptosis once in the cytoplasm of the target cell

79
Q

What does granulysis do?

A

Has antimicrobial actions and can induce apoptosis

80
Q

What type of apoptosis can be induced via CD8 T cells?

A

Caspase-mediated apoptosis

81
Q

CD8 T cells kill through ______ and _______

A
  1. Perforin

2. Granzymes

82
Q

CD4 differentiation involves what 3 things?

A
  1. Cytokine Induction
  2. Transcription factor
  3. Effector cytokines
83
Q

Th1 cells are involved in which type of adaptive immunity?

A

Cellular

84
Q

Th2 cells are involved in which type of adaptive immunity?

A

Humoral

85
Q

What induces CD4 T cell subtype differentiation?

A

Cytokines

86
Q

Differentiation is a response to _______

A

Pathogen exposure

87
Q

T/F Each T cell has unique effector cytokines

A

True

88
Q

Cytokines that induce CD4 differentiation come from what two sources?

A
  1. APC itself

2. Immediate environment

89
Q

Th1 activate ________

A

Macrophages

90
Q

What do Activated macrophages do?

A
  1. Express co-signaling ligands
  2. Kill intracellular pathogens
  3. Release cytokines and antimicrobial effectors
  4. Present antigen
91
Q

When pathogens cannot be cleared, what do T cells do?

A

Form Granulomas

92
Q

Define Granuloma

A

A compact aggregate of leukocytes that sequester a pathogen

93
Q

T/F Pyogenic granulomas are not true granulomas

A

True

94
Q

Th1 cytokines enhance Induced innate response T/F

A

True

95
Q

Th2 cells promote __________

A

Tissue protection and repair

96
Q

What type of cell responds to prolonged extracellular infection?

A

Th2

97
Q

What effect do Th2 cells have on Mast cells and eosinophils?

A

Recruitment and activation

98
Q

T/F Th2 cells release cytokines

A

True

99
Q

T/F Th2 cells do not activate B cells, that’s a Th1 thing

A

False, they activate a different class than Th1

100
Q

Granulomas are present in a state of ________

A

Chronic inflammation

101
Q

T/F Both infectious and non-infectious agents are contained within Granulomas

A

True

102
Q

How many types of granulomas are their?

A

Several

103
Q

What do Tfh cells do?

A

Activate B cells and induce class switching

104
Q

What are the preliminary steps of B cell activation by Tfh cells?

A
  1. The Tfh cell recognizes a peptide derived from the B cell’s antigen
  2. Naive B cell and Tfh cell exchange signals that begin the process of B-cell activation
105
Q

Treg cells _______ other T cells

A

Suppress

106
Q

T reg cells prevent ___________ in the lymph node

A

T cell activation

107
Q

Treg cells stop _________ and prevents _______

A
  1. Adaptive immune response

2. Autoimmunity

108
Q

What is required in order for a Treg to suppress an autoreactive T cell?

A

It requires them to interact with the same APC

109
Q

Th17 and Treg cells regulate ________

A

Mucosal inflammation

110
Q

What cell inhibits mucosal inflammation?

A

Treg cells

111
Q

Th17 and Treg cells are _______ in the gut

A

enriched

112
Q

What 3 things do Th17 cells do to regulate mucosal inflammation?

A
  1. Neutrophil recruitment
  2. Antimicrobial peptide production
  3. Tissue repair
113
Q

Persistent Th17 involvement is present in some autoimmune conditions. Give 4 examples of such conditions

A
  1. Rheumatoid Arthritis
  2. Multiple Sclerosis
  3. Psoriasis
  4. Inflammatory bowl disease

**Host and Defense (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions