Upper Respiratory Infections

Question 1

List the URI syndrome labels

Answer 1

1. Cold
2. URI
3. Bronchitis
4. Otitis
5. Sinusitis
6. Pharyngitis
7. Epiglottitis

Question 2

What are the etiologies of URI’s? (what causes them)

Answer 2

1. Rhinoviruses
2. Coxsackie Virus A (Enteroviruses)
3. Influenza
4. RSV
5. Coronavirus
6. Adenovirus
7. Echovirus
8. EBV
9. Parainfluenza
10. HSV

Question 3

T/F Bacteria cause URIs

Answer 3

FALSE, these are caused by viruses, not bacteria

Question 4

What are the characteristics of URIs

Answer 4

1. Viral
2. Could list some characteristic for etiologic Dx, but not important
3. Lasts 7-10 days
4. Labels for syndromes suggest major site symptoms, but much overlap

Question 5

How long is the average duration of a cough with a cold?

Answer 5

One month

Question 6

What is Pharyngitis?

Answer 6

Sore Throat

Question 7

What are the bacterial causes of Pharyngitis?

Answer 7

• Grp A Strep (other strep)
• Diphtheria
• Pertussis (whooping cough)
• Gonococcus
• Archanobacteria
• tularemia
• Chlamydia
• Anaerobes (with tonsilitis)

Question 8

Is Pharyngitis mostly cause by viruses or bacteria?

Answer 8

viruses

Question 9

List the characteristics of Group A strep pharyngitis

Answer 9

1. Sudden onset
2. Fever
3. Headache
4. Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea
5. Pharyngeal Inflammation
6. Discrete exudate
7. Tender Cervical lymph nodes
8. Age 5-15
9. Winter to spring
10. Exposure to someone who was sick
11. NO cough, congestion, conjuctivitis

Question 10

What percent of Otitis will be caused virally?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

What percent of kids will have at least one episode of Otitis

Answer 11

84%

Question 12

How many kids have more than 4 episodes of otitis?

Answer 12

50%

Question 13

T/F Antibiotics are effective in treating otitis

Answer 13

FALSE Antibiotics little value, treatment is drainage

Question 14

How often does otitis present without a fever?

Answer 14

60% of the time

Question 15

What are some signs of otitis?

Answer 15

-Ear pain/pulling

Question 16

T/F Otitis typicallyl follows URIs

Answer 16

True, Viral infection causes swelling to close tube and bacteria can build up, or virus can cause it too.

Question 17

What bacteria can cause otitis?

Answer 17

• Pneumo
• H. Flu
• Moraxella

Question 18

Define Otitis

Answer 18

swelling in the ear (ear infection)

Question 19

Describe Sinusitis

Answer 19

1. More common in adults
2. Follows URIs
3. Most viral, but same bacteria as otitis
4. Facial pain, headache, upper teeth pain, opacity by trans illumination
5. X-rays not specific
6. Antibiotics little value

Question 20

What bacteria causes Epiglottitis?

Answer 20

Haemophilis Influenzae

Question 21

What are some symptoms of epiglottitis?

Answer 21

• Dysphagia
• Drooling
• Stridor (harsh vibrating noise when breathing)

Question 22

How can Epiglottitis be seen/identified?

Answer 22

Lateral Neck x-ray, you will see that epiglottitis is swelling

Question 23

T/F Epiglottitis is almost exclusively a bacterial infectiton

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

How can URIs be diagnosed?

Answer 24

• Throat culture (90-95%)
• Rapid test (80-90%)
• Other diseases need aspirate to prove dx: use only for complicated cases

Question 25

What infections would you do treatment for?

Answer 25

• Treat Group A strep
• Treat Epiglottitis
• *Don’t treat anything else unless:
  
  • Complicated course
  • Immunosuppressed patient