Upper Respiratory Infections Flashcards
List the URI syndrome labels
- Cold
- URI
- Bronchitis
- Otitis
- Sinusitis
- Pharyngitis
- Epiglottitis
What are the etiologies of URI’s? (what causes them)
- Rhinoviruses
- Coxsackie Virus A (Enteroviruses)
- Influenza
- RSV
- Coronavirus
- Adenovirus
- Echovirus
- EBV
- Parainfluenza
- HSV
T/F Bacteria cause URIs
FALSE, these are caused by viruses, not bacteria
What are the characteristics of URIs
- Viral
- Could list some characteristic for etiologic Dx, but not important
- Lasts 7-10 days
- Labels for syndromes suggest major site symptoms, but much overlap
How long is the average duration of a cough with a cold?
One month
What is Pharyngitis?
Sore Throat
What are the bacterial causes of Pharyngitis?
- Grp A Strep (other strep)
- Diphtheria
- Pertussis (whooping cough)
- Gonococcus
- Archanobacteria
- tularemia
- Chlamydia
- Anaerobes (with tonsilitis)
Is Pharyngitis mostly cause by viruses or bacteria?
viruses
List the characteristics of Group A strep pharyngitis
- Sudden onset
- Fever
- Headache
- Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea
- Pharyngeal Inflammation
- Discrete exudate
- Tender Cervical lymph nodes
- Age 5-15
- Winter to spring
- Exposure to someone who was sick
- NO cough, congestion, conjuctivitis
What percent of Otitis will be caused virally?
50%
What percent of kids will have at least one episode of Otitis
84%
How many kids have more than 4 episodes of otitis?
50%
T/F Antibiotics are effective in treating otitis
FALSE Antibiotics little value, treatment is drainage
How often does otitis present without a fever?
60% of the time
What are some signs of otitis?
-Ear pain/pulling
T/F Otitis typicallyl follows URIs
True, Viral infection causes swelling to close tube and bacteria can build up, or virus can cause it too.
What bacteria can cause otitis?
- Pneumo
- H. Flu
- Moraxella
Define Otitis
swelling in the ear (ear infection)
Describe Sinusitis
- More common in adults
- Follows URIs
- Most viral, but same bacteria as otitis
- Facial pain, headache, upper teeth pain, opacity by trans illumination
- X-rays not specific
- Antibiotics little value
What bacteria causes Epiglottitis?
Haemophilis Influenzae
What are some symptoms of epiglottitis?
- Dysphagia
- Drooling
- Stridor (harsh vibrating noise when breathing)
How can Epiglottitis be seen/identified?
Lateral Neck x-ray, you will see that epiglottitis is swelling
T/F Epiglottitis is almost exclusively a bacterial infectiton
TRUE
How can URIs be diagnosed?
- Throat culture (90-95%)
- Rapid test (80-90%)
- Other diseases need aspirate to prove dx: use only for complicated cases
What infections would you do treatment for?
- Treat Group A strep
- Treat Epiglottitis
- *Don’t treat anything else unless:
- Complicated course
- Immunosuppressed patient
