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**Host and Defense > T Cells: Receptors, MHC, and Antigen Recognition > Flashcards

T Cells: Receptors, MHC, and Antigen Recognition Flashcards

1
Q

T cells are defined by _______

A

T cell receptors (TCRs)

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2
Q

What do T cell receptors primarily bind?

A

Polypeptides

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3
Q

T/F T cell receptors are secreted by T cells

A

False, they are expressed on the cell surface, never secreted

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4
Q

What are T cell receptors similar in structure to?

A

Immunoglobulins

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5
Q

What does the T cell receptors interact with?

A

MHC presented antigen

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6
Q

T/F T cell receptors are incidence detectors

A

True

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7
Q

T/F T cell receptors have an effector functioin

A

False, they have no effector function

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8
Q

T/F T cell receptors are able to recognize antigens in isolation

A

False, antigens not recognized in isolation, needs an MHC

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9
Q

What are the two classes of T cell receptor?

A
  1. alpha:beta T cells

2. gamma:delta T cells

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10
Q

Which t cell receptors is considered the ‘classic’ t cell?

A

alpha:beta T cells

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11
Q

Which t cell receptor is not involved in the classic adaptive immunity?

A

gamma:delta T cells

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12
Q

Which T cell receptor is part of adaptive immunity?

A

alpha:beta T cells

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13
Q

Which T cell receptor is common in circulation but not tissues?

A

alpha:beta T cells

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14
Q

Which T cell receptor is common in tissues but not circulation?

A

gamma:delta T cells

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15
Q

Which T cell receptor monitors tissue health?

A

gamma:delta T cells

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16
Q

Which T cells develop and mature in the thymus?

A

alpha:beta T cells

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17
Q

Which T cells develop but do not mature in the thymus?

A

gamma:delta T cells

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18
Q

Which T cells undergo both positive and negative selection in the thymus?

A

alpha:beta T cells

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19
Q

Which T cells undergo limited positive and negative selection?

A

gamma:delta T cells

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20
Q

Which T cells only have one class?

A

gamma:delta T cells

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21
Q

T/F T cells only express one type of receptor, never both

A

True

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22
Q

T/F Delta chain genes are embedded within the alpha chain genes

A

True

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23
Q

T/F TCR genes undergo rearrangement

A

True

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24
Q

What DNA segments are contained within the alpha chain to allow for junctional diversity?

A

V, J, C segments

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25
Q

What DNA chains are contained within the Beta chain to allow for junctional diversity?

A

V, J, D, C segments

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26
Q

Each chain has 3 what?

A

Hypervariable / complementarity-determing regions

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27
Q

Rearrangement of the TCR genes is done by what?

A

RAG 1/2 complexes

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28
Q

TCRs require what for signal transduction?

A

CD3 Complex

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29
Q

What does CD3 complex mediate?

A

TCR Signaling

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30
Q

Plasma membrane TCR expression does not occur without _________

A

The CD3 complex

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31
Q

What presents antigens to TCRs?

A

Major Histocompatibililty Complexes

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32
Q

What are the steps of MHC presenting an antigen to TCRs?

A
  1. Pathogen protein in cell
  2. Antigen processing by breakdown of protein
  3. Presentation of peptide by MHC molecule
  4. Recognition of antigen MHC complex by T cell receptor
33
Q

What are the two classes of Major Histocompatibility complex?

A

MHC Class I

MHC Class II

34
Q

How many cells express some form of MHC

A

Nearly all cells

35
Q

T/F MHC class I is expressed on almost every cell of your body

36
Q

MHC class II is used primarily it which typ of cell?

A

Antigen presenting cell

37
Q

T/F MHC class I has alpha chain and Beta2 microglobulin

38
Q

T/F MHC class II has alpha and beta chains

39
Q

Which MHC does ER antigen loading?

40
Q

Which MHC does Vesicular ER loading?

41
Q

MHC class one has which type of Co-receptor?

42
Q

MHC class 2 binds with which type of Co-receptor?

43
Q

Both MHC classes bind what for TCR presentation?

44
Q

MHC is also referred to as what?

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen Complex (HLA)

45
Q

What is the general process of Antigen presentation for MHC I?

A
  1. Intracellular antigen
  2. Antigen Processing Peptides in a proteasome
  3. Peptide transport into ER
  4. Peptide binding by MHC class I
  5. MHC class I presents peptide at cell surface
46
Q

What is the general process of antigen presentation for MHC Class II?

A
  1. Extracellular Antigen
    • undergoes phagocytosis
  2. Peptide Production in phagolysosome
  3. Peptide Binding by MHC class II
  4. MHC class II presents peptide at cell surface
47
Q

What major class of cells does not have MHC?

A

Erythrocytes

48
Q

What are the steps of Antigen loading of MHC I in the ER?

A
  1. Class I heavy chain is stabilized by calnexin until Beta2-microglobulin binds
  2. Calnexin is released. The heterodiver of class I heavy chain and Beta2m forms the peptide-loading complex with calreticulin, tapasin, TAP, and ERp57
  3. A peptide Delivered by TAP binds to the class I heavy chain forming the mataure MHC class I molecule
  4. The class I molecule dissociates from the peptide-loading complex, and is exported from the endoplasmic reticulum
49
Q

How large are the intracellular peptides that are cleaved by proteasomes and whose fragments are bound by MHC I?

A

8-10 residues

50
Q

Prior to expression in MHC class I, what happens to the peptides?

A

They are trimmed

51
Q

What does MHC I presentation of Intracellular peptides allow for?

A

Detection of an intracellular infection

52
Q

Where is MHC class I produced?

A

He said in the Endoplasmic reticulum

53
Q

What presents most endocytosed antigens?

54
Q

Cross presentation of an endocytosed antigen is particularly important in what?

A

Naive CD8 T cell activation

55
Q

List the steps of MHC class II antigen loading into vesicles

A
  1. An antigen is taken up from the extracellular space into intracellular vesicles
  2. In early endosomes of neutral pH, endosomal proteases are inactive
  3. Acidification of the vesicles activates proteases to degrade antigen into peptide fragments
  4. Vesicles Containing Peptides fuse with vesicles containing MHC II molecules
56
Q

What prevents MHC class II from self antigen presentation?

57
Q

List the steps of how CLIP prevents Self Antigen Presentation

A
  1. Invariant chain blocks binding of peptides to MHC II molecules in the ER
  2. In vesicles invariant chain is cleaved, leaving the CLIP fragment bound
  3. CLIP blocks binding of peptides to MHC class II in vesicles
  4. HLA-DM facilitates release of CLIP, allowing peptides to bind
58
Q

What does CLIP stand for?

A

Class II-associated invariant chain peptide

59
Q

What dictates MHC specificity?

A

Co-receptors

60
Q

_____ binds the alpha3 domain of MHC class I

61
Q

______ binds the Beta2 domain of MHC class II

62
Q

CD8 only binds what?

63
Q

CD4 only binds _______

64
Q

What are the different types of Effector T cells?

A
  1. CD8 Cytotoxic T cells
  2. CD4 Th1 cells
  3. CH4 Th2 cells
  4. CD4 Th17 cells
  5. Tfh cells
  6. CD4 regulatory T cells
65
Q

What are the main functions in the adaptive immune response of CD8 cytotoxic t cells?

A

Kill virus-infected cells

66
Q

What are the Pathogens targeted by CD8 cytotoxic T cells?

A
  • Viruses
    • Influenza
    • Rabies
    • Vaccinia
  • Some intracellular bacteria
67
Q

What are the the main functions of CD4 Th1 cells within the adaptive immune response?

A
  • Activate infected macrophages

- Provide help to B cells for antibody production

68
Q

What are the pathogens targeted by CD4 Th1 cells?

A
  • Microbes that persist in macrophage vesicles
    • Mycobacteria
    • Listeria
    • Leishmania Donovani
    • Pneumocystis carinii
  • Extracellular Bacteria
69
Q

What are the main functions within the adaptive immune response of CD4 Th2 cells?

A

-Provide help to B cells for antibody production, especially switching to IgE

70
Q

What are the pathogens targeted by CD4 Th2 cells?

A

Helminth Parasites

71
Q

What are the main functions within the adaptive immune system of CD4 Th17 cells?

A
  • Enhance neutrophil response
  • Promote Barrier Integrity
    • Skin
    • Intestine
72
Q

What are the pathogens targeted by CD4 Th17 cells?

A
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Fungi
    • Candida Albicans
73
Q

What are the main functions within the adaptive immune system of Tfh cells?

A
  • B cell help
  • Isotype switching
  • Antibody production
74
Q

What are the pathogens targeted by Tfh cells?

75
Q

What are the main functions of CD4 regulatory T cells within the adaptive immune system?

A

Suppress T cell responses

76
Q

List the Different Human MHC class I isotypes

A
  1. HLA-A
  2. HLA-B
  3. HLA-C
  4. HLA-E
  5. HLA-F
  6. HLA-G
77
Q

List the different human MHC class II isotypes

A
  1. HLA-DM
  2. HLA-DO
  3. HLA-DP
  4. HLA-DQ
  5. HLA-DR
78
Q

What cells do not express MHC Class II?

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Erythrocytes
  3. Liver Hepatocytes
  4. Kidney epithelium
  5. Brain

**Host and Defense (31 decks)

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