Vaccination

Question 1

what happens when you stop vaccinating against a disease you think is gone?

Answer 1

reappears

Question 2

vaccines to modify physiological processes?

Answer 2

animals: immunocontraceptives

Question 3

Passive immunization is?

Answer 3

ABs

immune cells transfer

Question 4

2 types of Ig passive immunization

Answer 4

standard pool

hyperimmune

Question 5

disadvantages of Ig passive immunization?

Answer 5

short lived

hazardous if more than once sometimes

Question 6

which two conditions to give pooled standard Ig?

Answer 6

1. Agammaglobulinaemia

2. Measles (shorten illness if given in incubation stage)

Question 7

eg. of unattenuated vaccine?

Answer 7

cow pox for small pox

give resp virus by mouth

Question 8

majority of vaccines do what to bugs?

Answer 8

empirically attenuated

Question 9

what does empirically attenuated mean?

Answer 9

adapt a bug to grow in unfavourable conditions until is adapts, then back into human to not cause disease but give immunity

Question 10

what does rationally attenuated vaccines mean?

Answer 10

specifically target certain genes in a bug

Question 11

what is reassortants?

Answer 11

take existing vaccines, clone genes into them from different bugs to get combined protection in one vaccine

Question 12

two types of polio vaccine?

Answer 12

Sabin Oral (empirically attenuated)
Salk injection (killed)

Question 13

2 empirically attenuated bacteria vaccines?

Answer 13

BCG

Typhoid

Question 14

only living rationally attenuated vaccine?

Answer 14

cholera vaccine

Question 15

2 reassortant vaccines?

Answer 15

Rotavirus

Influenza

Question 16

Non replicating vaccines means?

Answer 16

bugs are killled

Question 17

2 component viral vaccines?

Answer 17

Hep B

HPV

Question 18

3 component vaccines for bacteria?

Answer 18

1. Acellular pertussis
2. Toxoids: diph, tenanus
3. capsular polysaccharides

Question 19

3 advantages of living vaccines?

Answer 19

1. broader immune response
2. local immunity
3. ease of admin

Question 20

dangers of empirically attenuated polio oral?

Answer 20

goes through baby, may reactivate into virulent and infect mother

Question 21

3 disadvantage of living vaccines caused by disease?

Answer 21

1. back mutation
2. spread
3. contamination

Question 22

3 disadvantage of living vaccines caused by failure?

Answer 22

1. vaccine organisms are dead on arrival
2. pre-existing immunity (passive ABs take them out before adaptive take over)
3. interference

Question 23

4 advantages for killed vaccines?

Answer 23

1. stable
2. no contamination
3. can’t spread
4. safe for immmunocompromised

Question 24

4 disadvantages of killed vaccines?

Answer 24

1. weaker immune response
2. need higher dose
3. need adjuvants
4. expensive

Question 25

why are some vaccines not given at birth? eg. measles?

Answer 25

mom has measles antibodies so giving measles vaccine to baby will get neutralized by baby’s ABs. wait till one year to get full response