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Jason's Locomotor > Calcium + Bone Homeostasis > Flashcards

Calcium + Bone Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid hormone play what kind of role in growth?

A
  1. permissive

2. direct in nervous system development

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2
Q

need what for bone growth?

A

calcium and protein

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3
Q

where does hydroxyapatite bind to in bone?

A

collagen fiber lattice

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4
Q

vascular supply of bone?

A

very vascular

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5
Q

outer bone is called? purpose?

A

compact or cortical bone for strength

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6
Q

spongy bone called? filled with?

A

trabecular bone, open, cell-filled spaces

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7
Q

osteoblasts are modified?

A

fibroblasts

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8
Q

osteoblasts produce what?

A

enzymes and osteoid to allow hydroapatite to bind

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9
Q

2 other factors aid in bone deposition in osteoblasts:

A

osteocalcin

osteonectin

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10
Q

site of bone growth?

A

epiphyseal plate

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11
Q

shaft of long bone called?

A

diaphyses

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12
Q

ends of long bones called?

A

epiphyses

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13
Q

Chondrocytes’ role in bone growth?

A

near epiphysis, make collagen, continuously dividing column, disintegrate leaving spaces where osteoblasts can deposit hydroxyapatite

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14
Q

when osteoblasts aren’t active, they are called?

A

osteocytes

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15
Q

describe osteoclasts histologically

A

large mobile multinucleate cells from hematopoietic stem cells

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16
Q

osteoclasts secrete

A

acid and protease to dissolve calcified matrix and collagen support

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17
Q

3 organs involves in Calcium metabolism and control are?

A

bones
kidney
intestines

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18
Q

3 Calcium metabolism and control hormones?

A

PTH
Vitamin D3 (calcitriol)
Calcitonin

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19
Q

Calcium and cell adhesions?

A

important in tight junctions

20
Q

how much %calcium is found in:
Bone
ECF
ICF

A

Bone: 99%
ECF: 0.1%
ICF: 0.9% (signalling)

21
Q

most calcium lost where?

22
Q

where in kidney is calcium reabsorbed?

A

distal nephron

23
Q

need parathyroid glands?

A

essential for life

24
Q

what does PTH do to plasma calcium and phosphate?

A

increase plasma calcium

decrease plasma phosphate

25
Q

PTH receptors in bone?

A

Nope. works via paracrine osteoprotegerins (OPG) and RANKL

26
Q

PTH action on kidney?

A

reabsorb calcium

excrete phosphate

27
Q

PTH actions on intestine?

A

indirectly increases resorption via Vitamin D activation

28
Q

PTH peptide or steroid?

29
Q

PTH stored?

30
Q

onset of PTH on:
kidney
osteoclasts
Intestinal absorption

A

kidney: minutes
osteoclasts: 1-2 hours
Intestinal absorption: 1-2 days

31
Q

when is calcitonin released?

A

only with extreme hypercalcemia

32
Q

calcitonin peptide or steroid?

33
Q

calcitonin affect intestine?

A

Nope. only bone and kidney

34
Q

calcitonin is possibly protective during?

A

pregnancy and lactation

35
Q

how to activate vitamin D? does what?

A
  1. sunlight to make Vitamin D3
  2. liver - add hydroxyl
  3. kidney - add hydroxyl
  4. activated and promotes intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and PO43-
36
Q

Vitamin D3 peptide or steroid?

37
Q

what 3 things stims Vitamin D3?

A
  1. low calcium
  2. indirectly via PTH
  3. prolactin
38
Q

Vitamin D3 target organ and target in cell?

A

intestine
bone
kidney
nuclear target

39
Q

What is the endogenour precursor to vitamin D3?

A

7- dehydrocholesterol

40
Q

what stops long bone growth?

41
Q

phosphate movements vs. calcium movements are?

A

paralleled

42
Q

What happens to phosphate with:
PTH:
Vitamin D3:

A

PTH: promotes excretion in kidneys, and resorption in bone

Vitamin D3: enhances absorption in intestines

43
Q

usual cause of PTH hypersecretion?

44
Q

usual cause of PTH hyposecretion?

A

inadvertent parathyroidectomy

45
Q

Vitamin D deficiency leads to what?

A

poor intestinal calcium absorption
Rickets - kids
Osteomalacia - adults

46
Q

osteoporosis high in what conditions?

A 
post-menopausal women
cushing's
alcoholism
malnutrition
inactivity
47
Q

preventable ris factors for osteoporosis:

A

dietary calcium
exercise
smoking

Jason's Locomotor (36 decks)

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