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Jason's Locomotor > Cartilage Bones Joints > Flashcards

Cartilage Bones Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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2
Q

Where do you find hyaline cartilage?

A

ribs, articular surfaces, trachea

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3
Q

describe hyaline cartilage

A

stiff, flexible, compression resistant

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4
Q

Cartilage separated by?

A

extracellular matrix

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5
Q

hyaline ECM contains4 things:

A
  1. collagen II
  2. aggrecans
  3. hyaluronic acid
  4. chondronectin
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6
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

hyaline + more elastin

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7
Q

where is elastic cartilage?

A

ear, epiglottis, larynx

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8
Q

fibrocartilage what kind of collagen?

A

type 1

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9
Q

fibrocartilage histology?

A

dense CT with islands of cartilage

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10
Q

where find fibrocartilage?

A

meniscus and intervertebral discs

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11
Q

any perichondrium in fibrocartilage?

A

Nope.

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12
Q

annulus fibrosis made of?

A

fibrocartilage

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13
Q

nucleus pulposus is collagen type?

A

II

replaced by fibrocartilage by age 20

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14
Q

where are Haversion systems?

A

compact bone

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15
Q

trabecular bone made of?

A

lamellae

continuous spaces

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16
Q

trabecular bone full of? 2 things

A

marrow and blood vessels

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17
Q

how do osteocytes get their nutrients?

A

in contact with marrow cavity through their processes (canaliculi)

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18
Q

What is in the medullary cavity?

A

yellow or red marrow

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19
Q

what is red vs. yellow marrow?

A

red: haemopoeitic (earlier in life)
yellow: fat cells (later in life)

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20
Q

yellow marrow useless?

A

Nope. preserves some haemopoietic cells and activate if necessary.

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21
Q

blood vessels in medullary cavity have what instead of capillaries?

A

sinusoids

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22
Q

bones covered with thin layer of CT inside and out called?

A

Periosteum

Endosteum

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23
Q

Periosteum contains 2 layers what are in it?

A

Outer: fibroblasts, vessles, collagen
Inner: osoteoprogenitors

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24
Q

endosteum contains?

A

osteoprogenitor cells for repair

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25
Q

where on the bone is there no periosteum or endosteum?

A

tendon or ligament anchors/attachments

26
Q

what are Sharpey’s fibres?

A

collagen fibres from tendons and ligaments penetrating bone surface

27
Q

arteries of bone supply?

A

discrete points

diaphysis, epiphysis, periosteum separately

28
Q

which nervous system supplies bone? what do they follow?

A

sympathetic nervous system, follows blood vessels

29
Q

joint surface have what? describe

A

hyaline cartilage

slippery, smooth, compression resistant

30
Q

joint surface have periochondrium? consequences?

A

Nope. not supported by nutrients

31
Q

synovial fluid purpose?

A

lubrication

nutrients for hyaline cartilage

32
Q

joints are lined by what?

A

synovial membrane, NOT epithelium

33
Q

synovial membrane lacks what 3 things? so what?

A
  1. basement membrane
  2. tight junctions
  3. desmosomes
    therefore leaky
34
Q

synovial fluid originates?

A

deep to synovial membrane

35
Q

bone is inert?

A

dynamic tissue

36
Q

what is an osteon?

A

Haversion system

37
Q

3 cells that make/maintain bone?

A

osteoprogenitor
osteoblast
osteocyte

38
Q

osteoprogenitor shape? where is it? renewed how?

A

flat
endosteum and periosteum
resting normally, renewed from bone marrow stem cells

39
Q

osteoblast makes what?

A

osteoid to allow for hydroxy appetite deposition

40
Q

osteoid is collagen type?

A

Type I

41
Q

measure what in blood to see bone building activity?

A

alkaline phosphatase

42
Q

inactive osteoblasts look?

A

flattened

43
Q

purpose of osteocyte? where is it?

A

maintains bones
can destroy local bone to free Ca2+
entombed by bone

44
Q

Descrobe osteoclasts? purpose?

A

Giant multinuclear cells

Remodel Bone

45
Q

osteoclasts secrete?

A 
HCl (bone)
and proteases (collagen
46
Q

what is marker of osteoclast activity?

A

tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase

47
Q

osteoclasts origin related to?

A

granulocytes/macrophages

48
Q

osteoclasts stick around?

A

apoptose when not needed

49
Q

PTH and calcitonin on osteoclasts ?

A

PTH increases

calcitonin decreases osteoclasts

50
Q

bone during development laid down as either:

A

membrane bone

endochondral bone

51
Q

membrane bone forms how? which structures?

A

directly from mesenchyme (skull, flat bones, mandible, clavicles)

52
Q

endochondral bone works how?

A

cartilage model then it is destroyed and replaced by bone (not calcified cartilage)

53
Q

how does bone replace cartilage in development?

A

bone collar around diaphysis

blood vessels invade and bring bone progenitors

54
Q

growth plate fuse when?

A

21-22 yr old

55
Q

5 layers of growth plate?

A 
R esting zone (hyaline)
P roliferation (chondrocytes)
M aturation (chondrocytes)
H ypertrophic (dying chondros)
O ssification zone
56
Q

5 layers of growth plate mnemonic

A

Real People Make Happy Occasions

57
Q

what is woven bone?

A

new bone during repair or development

58
Q

describe woven bone

A

cellular
collagen
No Haversian system

59
Q

woven bone lasts?

A

remodelled by osteoclasts and blasts

60
Q

how does remodelling work?

A

osteoclasts make new cavities, vessels and endosteum invade and new bone!

Jason's Locomotor (36 decks)

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