Pathology of Bone

Question 1

what is woven bone?

Answer 1

unorganized, healing or repairing bone

Question 2

what is lamellar bone?

Answer 2

layered

Question 3

how are osteocytes sustained?

Answer 3

canaliculae

Question 4

who do oestocytes know where to maintain matrix?

Answer 4

mechanotransduction

Question 5

What is an incomplete fracture in kids?

Answer 5

greenstick fracture

Question 6

Open fracture risk of?

Answer 6

infection

Question 7

what is comminuted fracture?

Answer 7

more than 2 fragments

Question 8

see stress fracture on x-ray?

Answer 8

nope

Question 9

4 phases of bone repair

Answer 9

1. inflamm (granulation)
2. Reparative: soft callus
3. hard callus
4. remodelling phase

Question 10

What happens in inflamm phase of bone healing? how long?

Answer 10

haematoma formation
granulation tissue
first few days

Question 11

soft callus lasts how long?

Answer 11

days to weeks

Question 12

hard callus lasts how long? what kind of bone?

Answer 12

weeks to months

woven bone

Question 13

if ends of a fracture are closely apposed?

Answer 13

faster healing, not as strong in early stages

Question 14

reduction of fracture means?

Answer 14

minimize gap

Question 15

fixation of fracture means?

Answer 15

minimise strain or movement

Question 16

Non-union is?

Answer 16

fracture that will not heal

Question 17

non-union gives you what condition?

Answer 17

pseudoarthritis

Question 18

what is delayed union?

Answer 18

not healing as fast as expected

Question 19

upper limb take how long usually? vs. lower limbs?

Answer 19

upper: 6-8 weeks
lower: twice as long

Question 20

mal-union is?

Answer 20

healing in an unacceptable position

Question 21

bone infection known as? cause?

Answer 21

osteomyelitis

caused by staph. aureus

Question 22

2 areas susceptible to osteonecrosis?

Answer 22

neck of femur

scaphoid

Question 23

Osteoporosis is loss of?

Answer 23

Mass. Both Collagen and Calcium

Question 24

Paget’s Disease AKA?

Answer 24

osteitis deformans

Question 25

what happens in Paget’s Disease?

Answer 25

large overactive osteoclasts

Question 26

3 stages of Paget’s Diease?

Answer 26

osteolytic
mixed
osteosclerotic

Question 27

Osteomalacia happens how?

Answer 27

Vitamin D deficiency
impaired bone mineralisation
osteoid is fine

Question 28

phosphate in osteomalacia?

Answer 28

lost in urine due to increased PTH

Question 29

Hyperparathyroidism causes increased what activity?

Answer 29

RANKL

Question 30

What is dissecting osteitis?

Answer 30

osteoclasts in trabeculae due to hyperthyroidism

Question 31

What is osteoitis fibrosa cystica?

Answer 31

microfractures and granulation tissue

Question 32

Bony Mets presents?

Answer 32

pathological fracture
hypercalcaemia
bone marrow failure
bone pain

Question 33

do malignant cells influence bone directly?

Answer 33

Nope. through RANKL or PTHrP

Question 34

which organs have bony mets?

Answer 34

Breast
Bronchus
byroid
bidney
bostate

Question 35

2 kinds of bony mets:

Answer 35

1. osteolytic

2. osteosclerotic