Exercise - Drug Interactions Flashcards
exercise and drugs: what changes with blood flow?
redistribution, more to muscles
exercise and drugs: what changes with hydration?
decreased or variable
exercise and drugs: what changes with breathing?
increased resp rate and tial volume
exercise and drugs: what changes with stomach?
decrease gastric emptying
exercise and drugs: what changes with intestines?
decreased intestinal transit time via increasing intestinal motility
exercise and drugs: what changes with plasma?
loss into tissues
exercise and drugs: what changes with skin?
vasodilation: increased flow
exercise and drugs: what changes with liver?
decreased hepatic flow
exercise and drugs: what changes with kidneys?
decreased renal blood flow
exercise and glucose control?
may be dysregulated due to synergy with insulin
how do you get exercise-induced hypoglycaemia? 3 reasons:
- accelerated insulin absorption from injection site
- enhancement of insulin via exerise
- lack of decline in insulin secretion
how do you get exercise-induced hyperglycaemia? 2 reasons:
- too much carb supplementation
2. too large reduction in insulin dose
how would exercise change transdermal GTN?
increase blood flow and temp to skin, increased bioavailability of GTN
how would exercise change transdermal GTN negatively?
excessive hypotension and divert coronary blood flow esp in hot enclosed environment
salbutamol is B2 or B1?
B2
salbutamol and exercise? good? bad?
with increased resp rate, increased plasma levels,
good: minimize asthma from exercise
bad: may need more frequent dosing
warfarin and exercise decreases? how?
INR via:
increased binding of warfarin to albumin
increased risk of thrombosis
digoxin and exercise wrt plasma and muscle level?
less in plasma
more in muscle
digoxin and exercise wrt plasma and muscle level implications?
more bound to muscle and less in plasma means reduced efficacy to affect heart contractility and control rate
B-blockers and exercise: how is propranolol and atenolol cleared?
propranolol: via hepatic (decreased in exercise)
atenolol: via renal (decrease in exercise)
B-blockers and exercise implications of increased plasma levels?
bronchoconstriction and fatigue
Anti-doping rules wrt use?
use or attempted use of prohibited substance or method
2 out of the following 3 conditions met for subtance/metho to be prohibited?
- enhance sport performance
- risk to health
- if agency says it violates spirit of sport
what is therapeutic use exemptions?
- if have medical condition
- prior approval
- makes sport fairer
- declared in emergncy
2 main uses of drugs in sport?
- hide use of other drugs
2. improve performance
thiazide and amiloride use in sport advantage?
weight loss
dilute urine
disadvantages of diuretics in sport?
dehydration
hypokalaemia
B1 found in what tissues?
cardiac pacemaker
cardiac muscle
adipose
B2 found in what tissues?
airway smooth muscle
blood vessel: skeletal and skin
skeletal growth
liver
Why use B1 antagonists in sport?
relaxants
reduce heart rate
steady hands in precision sports
B1 antagonists are banned in what sports?
archery/shooting
skiing
billiards, bridge
B2 agonist use in sport?
systemic admin:
- anabolic for muscles
- catabolic for body fat
adverse effects of B2 agonists?
tachycardia via B1 adrenoceptors
muscle tremor via B2 receptors
B2 agonist status in sport?
only via inhalation
No TUE for salbutamol
how can glucocorticoids offer sport advantage? disadvantage?
anti-inflammatory can mask pain
can cause damage before full recovery
what is stanozolol?
synthetic anabolic steroid
what glucocorticoids status in sport? without TUE?
banned systemic admin
No TUE: topical and inhalation
glucocorticoids intraarticular injection TUE?
needs abbreviated TUE
Growth Hormone in sport advantage?
reduce fat
more muscle
more bone density
banned
what is lipotropin?
modified Growth Hormone to only have catabolic effect of increased lipolysis
what does WADA status S.0 mean?
any substance not on the list or no human approval for use is banned
