V Flashcards
The extent to which data obtained from measurement are directly relevant to the target behavior of interest and to the reason(s) for measuring it
Validity (of Measurement)
Either (a) an increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event, in which case the MO is an establishing operation (EO); or (b) a decrease in reinforcing effectiveness, in which case the MO is an abolishing operation (AO)
- For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is altered as a result of food deprivation and food ingestion
Value Altering Effect (of a Motivating Operation)
The frequency and extent to which multiple measures of behavior yield different outcomes
Variability
Data points that do not consistently fall within a narrow range of values and do not suggest any clear trend
Variable Baseline
A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable durations of time occurring in a random or unpredictable order
- The mean duration of the intervals is used to describe the schedule (eg; on a VI 10 minute schedule, reinforcement is delivered for the first response following an average of 10 minutes since the last reinforced response, but the time that elapses following the last reinforced response might range from 30 seconds or less to 25 minutes or more)
Variable Interval (VI)
A schedule of reinforcement requiring a varying number of responses for reinforcement
- The number of responses required varies around a random number; the mean number of responses required for reinforcement is used to describe the schedule (eg; on a VR 10 schedule an average of 10 responses must be emitted for reinforcement, but the number of responses required following the last reinforced response might range from 1 to 30 or more)
Variable Ratio (VR)
A DRO procedure in which reinforcement is available at the end of intervals of variable duration and delivered contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during the interval
Variable interval DRO (VI-DRO)
A DRO procedure in which reinforcement is available at specific moments of time, which are separated by variable amounts of time in random sequence, and delivered if the problem is not occurring at those times
Variable Momentary DRO (VM-DRO)
A schedule for the delivery of noncontingent stimuli in which the interval of time from one delivery to the next randomly varies around a given time
- For example, on a VT 1 minute schedule, the delivery to delivery interval might range from 5 seconds to 2 minutes, but the average interval would be 1 minute
Variable Time Schedule (VT)
Behavior whose reinforcement is mediated by a listener; includes both vocal verbal behavior (eg; saying “water, please” to get water) and nonvocal verbal behavior (pointing to a glass of water to get water)
- Encompasses the subject matter usually treated as language and topics such as thinking, grammar, composition, and understanding
Verbal Behavior
A type of convergent multiple control involving a verbal stimulus that alters the evocative effects of another verbal stimulus in the same antecedent configuration
- The conditional discrimination is between the words in the antecedent event
Verbal Conditional Discrimination (VCD)
An interaction between a speaker and a listener
- A speaker emits any type of verbal response (eg; echoic, mand, tact, interaverbal), in any form (speech, sign language, icon selection, eye contact), and a listener (1) serves as an audience for a speaker, (2) provides reinforcement for a speaker, and (3) responds in specific ways to the speaker’s behavior
- The roles of speaker and listener switch back and forth in en exchange, and usually involve covert speaker and listener behavior as well
Verbal Episode
Verbal stimuli can alter the functional effects of immediate or future SDs and MOs and, accordingly, change a listener’s behavior
- For example, being told “the bridge is out, turn left at the 7-Eleven and there will be another one in 5 miles” can alter the functional effects of stimuli encountered in the future and evoke verbal and nonverbal behavior at that time (eg; tacting the 7- Eleven, turning left)
Verbal Function Altering Effect
One of three components of the experimental reasoning, or baseline logic, used in single subject research designs; accomplished by demonstrating that the prior level of baseline responding would have remained unchanged had the independent variable not been introduced
- Verifying the accuracy of the original prediction reduces the probability that some uncontrolled (confounding) variable was responsible for the observed change in behavior
Verification
A behavior change strategy in which the participant views a video of a model performing the target behavior and then imitates the behavior
Video Modeling
