A Flashcards
A two phase experimental design consisting of a pretreatment baseline condition (A) followed by a treatment condition (B)
A-B Design
A three phase experimental design consisting of an initial baseline phase (A) until steady state responding (or counter therapeutic trend) is obtained, an intervention phase in which the treatment condition (B) is implemented until the behavior has changed and steady state responding is obtained, and a return to baseline conditions (A) by withdrawing the independent variable to see whether responding “reverses” to levels observed in the initial baseline phase
A-B-A Design
An experimental design consisting of (1) an initial baseline phase (A) until steady state responding (or counter therapeutic trend) is obtained, (2) an initial intervention phase in which the treatment variable (B) is implemented until the behavior has changed and steady state responding is obtained, (3) a return to baseline conditions (A) by withdrawing the independent variable to see whether responding “reverses” to levels observed in the initial baseline phase, and (4) a second intervention phase (B) to see whether initial treatment effects are replicated
A-B-A-B Design
A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event whose reinforcing effectiveness depends on the same motivating operation
- For example, food ingestion abates (decreases the current frequency of) behavior such as opening the fridge that has been reinforced by food
Abative Effect (of a Motivating Operation)
A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event
- For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion
Abolishing Operation (AO)
An evidence based therapy focusing on general well being, defined as making reliable contact with high priority positive reinforcers
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
The extent to which observed values, the data produced by measuring an event, match the true state, or true values, of the event as it exists in nature
Accuracy (of Measurement)
A variation of the multelement design for comparing the efficiency of instructional procedures
- The comparison phase of the design features the alternating application of two (usually) or more different teaching methods, each method applied to different but equivalent sets of instructional items
- All items are topographically different members of the same response or skill class, such as reading printed words, defining vocabulary terms, spelling words, answering math problems, and stating history facts
Adapted Alternating Treatments Design
A method for conducting a component analysis in which components are assessed individually or in combination before the complete treatment package is presented
- The add in method can identify sufficient components
- Sequence and floor or ceiling effects may mask the effect of components added in toward the end of the analysis
Add In Component Analysis
Behavior that occurs as a collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behavior; time filling or interim activities (eg; doodling, idle talking, smoking, drinking) that are induced by schedules of reinforcement during times when reinforcement is unlikely to be delivered
Adjunctive Behavior
A three step form of reasoning that begins with a true antecedent consequent (if a then b) statement and proceeds as follows: (1) if A is true, then b is true; (2) B is found to be true; (3) experiment affirms several if a then b possibilities, each one reducing the likelihood of factors other than the independent variable being responsible for the observed changes in behavior
Affirmation of the Consequent
Provides reinforcement when the response requirements of any of two or more simultaneously available component schedules are met
Alternative Schedule (ALT)
A form of direct, continuous observation in which the observer records a descriptive, temporally sequenced account of all behavior(s) of interest and the antecedent conditions and consequences for those behaviors as those events occur in the client’s natural environment
Anecdotal Observation
An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest
Antecedent
An antecedent intervention, implemented independently of occurrences of the problem behavior, that usually has clients engage in some effortful form of aerobic activity (eg; walking, jogging, dancing, calisthenics, roller skating)
- Applied behavior analysts have used this in the treatment of many maladaptive behaviors such as self injurious behavior (SIB), aggression, and diverse behaviors such as inappropriate vocalizations, repetitive movements, talking out, out of seat, and stereotypic behaviors
Antecedent Exercise
A behavior change strategy that manipulates antecedent stimuli based on (A) motivating operations (evocative and abative effects), (B) stimulus control (differential availability of reinforcement), and (C) contingency independent interventions (eg; protective equipment, and restraint)
Antecedent Intervention
A set of stimuli that share a common relationship
- All stimuli in an antecedent stimulus class evoke the same operant behavior, or elicit the same respondent behavior
Antecedent Stimulus Class
The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
Forming new stimulus classes with little or no reinforced practice
Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding (AARR)
Stimuli to which people respond in interlocked ways, not because of physical similarity, but because social verbal reinforcement contingencies teach people to respond to them in this way
Arbitrary Relations
Antecedent stimuli that evoke the same response but de not resemble each other in physical form or share a relational aspect such as bigger or under (eg; peanuts, cheese, coconut milk, and chicken breasts are members of an arbitrary stimulus class if they evoke the response “sources of protein”)
Arbitrary Stimulus Class
An outcome or result that appears to exist because of the way it is measured but in fact does not correspond to what actually occurred
Artifact
A data path that shows an increasing trend in the response measure over time
Ascending Baseline
Anyone who functions as a discriminative stimulus evoking verbal behavior
- Different audiences may control different verbal behavior about the same topic because of a differential reinforcement history
- Teens may describe the same event in different ways when talking to peers versus parents
Audience
