E

Question 1

An elementary verbal operant involving a vocal response that is evoked by a vocal verbal SD that has formal similarity between an auditory verbal stimulus and an auditory verbal response product, and a history of generalized reinforcement

Answer 1

Echoic

Question 2

An assessment protocol that acknowledges complex interrelationships between environment and behavior
- This is a method for obtaining data across multiple settings and persons

Answer 2

Ecological Assessment

Question 3

Michael’s (1982) term for Skinner’s (1957) taxonomy of five different types of speaker behavior (ie; expressive language) distinguished by their antecedent controlling variables and related history of consequences; mand, tact, intraverbal, duplic, and codic

Answer 3

Elementary Verbal Operants

Question 4

Stimulus relations that are not taught directly but emerge as an indirect function of related instruction or experience

Answer 4

Emergent Stimulus Relations

Question 5

The objective observation of the phenomena of interest; objective observations are “independent of the individual prejudices, tastes, and private opinions of the scientist… Results of empirical methods are objective in that they are open to anyone’s observation and do not depend on the subjective belief of the individual scientist”

Answer 5

Empiricism

Question 6

An intervention that provides noncontingent access to preferred sources of reinforcement (eg; toys, games, social and recreation activities)
- The noncontingent access to preferred reinforcers arranges a competition between the enriched environment and the stimulation provided by the problem behavior

Answer 6

Enriched Environment

Question 7

The conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or referenced part of the organism exists; behavior cannot occur in the absence of environment

Answer 7

Environment

Question 8

An antecedent intervention that provides noncontingent access to preferred sources of reinforcement (eg; toys, games, social and recreation activities)
- This noncontingent access to preferred sources of reinforcement arranges a competition between the EE intervention and the stimulation provided by the problem behavior

Answer 8

Environmental Enrichment (EE)

Question 9

A scale in which equal distances on the axis represent equal absolute amounts of the variable plotted on the axis (eg; behavior change on an equal interval vertical axis)

Answer 9

Equal Interval Scale

Question 10

A probe for the emergence of untrained stimulus - stimulus relations that evaluates both symmetry and transitivity simultaneously

Answer 10

Equivalence Test

Question 11

The emergence of accurate responding to untrained and nonreinforced stimulus - stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus - stimulus relations
- Requires successful performances on three types of probe trials - reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity - in the absence of reinforcement

Answer 11

Equivalence Class Formation

Question 12

A variety of techniques for gradually transferring stimulus control with a minimum of errors

Answer 12

Errorless Learning

Question 13

A contingency in which a response terminates (produces escape from) an ongoing stimulus

Answer 13

Escape Contingency

Question 14

Behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of the aversive stimulus; emitting the target behavior does not enable the person to escape the aversive situation

Answer 14

Escape Extinction

Question 15

A motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer
- For example, food deprivation establishes food as an effective reinforcer

Answer 15

Establishing Operation (EO)

Question 16

Documents generated or adopted by professional organizations that provide clear guidelines for their members when deciding a course of proper action in conducting their professional duties

Answer 16

Ethical Codes of Behavior

Question 17

Behaviors, practices, and decisions that address such basic and fundamental questions as the following: what is the right thing to do? What’s worth doing? What does it mean to be a good behavior analytic practicioners? The behavior analysts details ethical practice for behavior analysts

Answer 17

Ethics

Question 18

Measurement procedure for obtaining a tally or count of the number of times a behavior occurs

Answer 18

Event Recording

Question 19

An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event whose reinforcing effectiveness depends on the same motivating operation
- For example, food deprivation evokes (increases the current frequency of) behavior such as opening the fridge that has been reinforced by good

Answer 19

Evocative Effect (of a Motivating Operation)

Question 20

The percentage of total intervals in which two observers recorded the same count; the most stringent description of IOA for most data sets obtained by event recording

Answer 20

Exact Count per Interval IOA

Question 21

A procedure for building new arbitrary conditional discriminations based on the robust finding that learners will select a novel comparison stimulus over a known one in the presence of a novel sample

Answer 21

Exclusion (Training)

Question 22

A procedure for implementing time out in which, contingent on the occurrence of a target behavior, the person is removed physically from the current environment for a specified period

Answer 22

Exclusion Time Out

Question 23

A carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest (the dependent variable) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (the independent variable) differs from one condition to another

Answer 23

Experiment

Question 24

A natural science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right founded by B.F. Skinner; methodological features include rate of response as a basic dependent variable, repeated or continuous measurement of clearly defined response classes, within subject experimental comparisons instead of group design, visual analysis of graphed data instead of statistical inference, and an emphasis on describing functional relations between behavior and controlling variables in the environment over formal theory testing

Answer 24

Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)

Question 25

Two meanings: (a) the outcome of an experiment that demonstrates convincingly a functional relation, meaning that experimental control is achieved when a predictable change in behavior (the dependent variable) can be reliably produced by manipulating a specific aspect of the environment (the independent variable); and (b) the extent to which a researcher maintains precise control of the independent variable by presenting it, withdrawing it, and/or varying its value, and also by eliminating or holding constant all confounding and extraneous variables

Answer 25

Experimental Control

Question 26

The particular type and sequence of conditions in a study so that meaningful comparisons of the effects of the presence and absence (or different values) of the independent variable can be made

Answer 26

Experimental Design

Question 27

A fictitious or hypothetical variable that often takes the form of another name for the observed phenomenon it claims to explain and contributes nothing to a functional account or understanding of the phenomenon, such as “intelligence” or “cognitive awareness” as explanations for why an organism pushes the lever when the light is on and food is available but does not push the lever when the light is off and no food is available

Answer 27

Explanatory Fiction

Question 28

The degree to which a study’s findings have generality to other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors

Answer 28

External Validity

Question 29

The discontinuing of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior (ie; responses no longer produce reinforcement); the primary effect is a decrease in the frequency of the behavior until it reaches a pre reinforced level or ultimately ceases to occur

Answer 29

Extinction

Question 30

An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented

Answer 30

Extinction Burst

Question 31

Phenomenon in which diverse and novel forms of behavior are sometimes observed during the extinction process

Answer 31

Extinction Induced Variability

Question 32

Any aspect of the experimental setting (eg; lighting, temperature) that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation

Answer 32

Extraneous Variable