S Flashcards
A decrease in the frequency of operant behavior presumed to be the result of continued contact with or consumption of a reinforcer that has followed the behavior; also refers to a procedure for reducing the effectiveness of a reinforcer (eg; presenting a person with copious amounts of a reinforcing stimulus prior to a session)
Satiation
A two dimensional graph that shows the relative distribution of individual measures in a data set with respect to the variables depicted by the X and Y axes
- Data points on this are not connected
Scatterplot
A procedure for recording the extent to which a target behavior occurs more often at particular times than others; involves dividing the day into blocks of time, and using different symbols on an observation form to indicate the level of the target behavior (eg; a lot, some, or not at all)
Scatterplot Recording
A rule of specifying the environmental arrangements and response requirements for reinforcement; a description of a contingency of reinforcement
Schedule of Reinforcement
Changing a contingency of reinforcement by gradually increasing the response ratio or the extent of the time interval; it results in a lower rate of reinforcement per responses, time, or both
Schedule Thinning
A systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena (as evidenced by description, prediction, and control) that relies on determinism as its fundamental assumption, empiricism as its primary rule, experimentation as its basic strategy, replication as a requirement for believability, parsimony as a value, and philosophic doubt as its guiding conscience
Science
An interobserver agreement index based only on the intervals in which either observer recorded the occurrence of the behavior; calculated by dividing the number of intervals in which either or both observers recorded the occurrence of the behavior and multiplying by 100
- This is recommended as a measure of agreement for behaviors that occur at low rates because it ignores the intervals in which agreement by chance is highly unlikely
Scored Interval IOA
The fundamental principle underlying operant conditioning; the basic tenet is that all forms of (operant) behavior, from simple to complex, are selected, shaped, and maintained by their consequences during an individual’s lifetime; Skinner’s concept of selection by consequences is parallel to Darwin’s concept of natural selection of genetic structures in the evolution of species
Selection by Consequences
A category of verbal behavior in which the speaker points to or selects a particular stimulus; what is conveyed to the listener is the information on the stimulus selected
Selection Based Verbal Behavior
A theory that all forms of life naturally and continually evolve as a result of the interaction between function and the survival value of that function
- Operant selection by consequences is the conceptual and empirical foundation of behavior analysis
Selectionism
Contingency contract that a person makes with himself or herself, incorporating a self selected task and reward as well as personal monitoring of task completions and self delivery of the reward
Self Contract
A person’s ability to “delay gratification” by emitting a response that will produce a larger (or higher quality) delayed reward over a response that produces a smaller but immediate reward
Self Control [Impulse Analysis]
Skinner (1953) conceptualized self control as a two way response phenomenon: the controlling response affects variables in such a way as to change the probability of the controlled response
Self Control [Skinner’s Analysis]
A procedure in which a person compares her performance of a target behavior with a predetermined goal or standard; often a component of self management
Self Evaluation
Self generated verbal responses, covert or overt, that function as rules or response prompts for a desired behavior; as a self management tactic, this can guide a person through a behavior chain or sequence of tasks
Self Instruction
The personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a desired change in behavior
Self Management
A procedure whereby a person systematically observes his behavior and records the occurrence or non occurrence of a target behavior
Self Monitoring
A two dimensional graph with a logarithmic scaled Y axis so that equal distances on the vertical axis represent changes in behavior that are of equal proportion
Semilogarithmic Chart
A procedure by which behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement are placed on extinction by masking or removing the sensory consequence
Sensory Extinction
The effects on a subject’s behavior in a given condition that are the result of the subject’s experience with a prior condition
Sequence Effects
The extent to which a learner emits the target behavior in a setting or stimulus situation that is different from the instructional setting
Setting/Situation Generalization
Using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior
- Members of an existing response class are selected for differential reinforcement because they more closely resemble the terminal behavior
Shaping
Responding is under stimulus control of a single antecedent stimulus condition; described by the three term contingency: SD —-> R—->SR+
Simple Discrimination
