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Question 1

Occurs when, in the case of a two step chain, the second behavior in the chain (R2) produces reinforcement in the presence of the prior SD (S2), but (R2) also produces reinforcement when that SD is not present
- This may weaken a chain

Answer 1

Unchaining

Question 2

A motivating operation whose value altering effect does not depend on a learning history
- For example, food deprivation increases the reinforcing effectiveness of food without the necessity of any learning history

Answer 2

Unconditioned Motivating Operation (UMO)

Question 3

A stimulus that functions as a negative reinforcer as a result of the evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny); no prior learning is involved (eg; shock, loud noise, intense light, extreme temperatures, strong pressure against the body)

Answer 3

Unconditioned Negative Reinforcer

Question 4

A stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organisms learning history with the stimulus
- These are products of the evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny), meaning that all members of a species are more or less susceptible to punishment by the presentation of unconditioned punishers

Answer 4

Unconditioned Punisher

Question 5

An unlearned stimulus- response functional relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus (eg; food in mouth) that elicits the response (eg; salivation); a product of the phylogenic evolution of a given species; all biologically intact members of a species are born with similar repertoires of unconditioned reflexes

Answer 5

Unconditioned Reflex

Question 6

A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus
- These are the product of the evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny)

Answer 6

Unconditioned Reinforcer

Question 7

The stimulus component of an unconditioned reflex; a stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior without any prior learning

Answer 7

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Question 8

Two kinds: (a) the occurrence alone of a stimulus that acquired its function by being paired with an already effective stimulus, or (b) the occurrence of the stimulus in the absence as well as in the presence of the effective stimulus
- Both kinds of unpairing undo the result of the pairing: the occurrence alone of the stimulus that became a conditioned reinforcer; and the occurrence of the unconditioned reinforcer in the absence as well as in the presence of the conditioned reinforcer

Answer 8

Unpairing

Question 9

An interobserver agreement index based only on the intervals in which either observer recorded the nonoccurrence of the behavior; calculated by dividing the number of intervals in which either or both observers recorded the non occurrence of the behavior and multiplying by 100
- This is recommended as a measure of agreement for behaviors that occur at high rates because it ignores the intervals in which agreement by chance is highly likely

Answer 9

Unscored Interval IOA