M Flashcards
The force of intensity with which a response is emitted; provides important quantitative parameters used in defining and verifying the occurrence of some response classes
- Responses meeting those criteria are measured and reported by one or more fundamental or derivative measures such as frequency, duration, or latency
Magnitude
Two different meanings in applied behavior analysis: (a) the extent to which the learner continues to perform the target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention has been terminated (ie; response maintenance), a dependent variable or characteristic of behavior; and (b) a condition in which treatment has been discontinued or partially withdrawn, an independent variable or experimental condition
Maintenance
An elementary verbal operant involving a response of any form that is evoked by an MO and followed by specific reinforcement
- This allows a speaker to get what she wants or refuse what she does not want
Mand
A self directed behavior change technique in which the person forces herself to perform an undesired behavior (eg; a compulsive ritual) repeatedly, which sometimes decreases the future frequency of the behavior
Massed Practice
The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement; rates of responding across choices are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement received from each choice alternative
Matching Law
A discrete trial procedure for investigating conditional relations and stimulus equivalence
- This begins with the participant making a response that presents or reveals the sample stimulus; next, the sample stimulus may or may not be removed, and two or more comparison stimuli are presented
- The participant then selects one of the comparison stimuli
- Responses that select a comparison stimulus that matches the sample stimulus are reinforced; no reinforcement is provided for responses selecting the nonmatching comparison stimuli
Matching to Sample Procedure
The average percentage of agreement between the counts reported by two observers in a measurement period composed of a series of smaller counting times; a more conservative measure of IOA than total count IOA
Mean Count per Interval IOA
An IOA index for duration per occurrence data; also a more conservative and usually more meaningful assessment of IOA for total duration data calculated for a given session or measurement period by computing the average percentage of agreement of the durations reported by two observers for each occurrence of the target behavior
Mean Duration per Occurrence IOA
The process of applying quantitative labels to describe and differentiate objects and natural events
- Measurement in applied behavior analysis involves three steps: (a) identifying the behavior to be measured, (b) defining the behavior in observable terms, and (c) selecting an appropriate observation and data recording method
Measurement
Nonrandom measurement error; a form of inaccurate measurement in which the data consistently overestimate or underestimate the true value of an event
Measurement Bias
A method of measuring behavior after it has occurred by recording the effects that the behavior produced on the environment
Measurement by Permanent Product
An approach to explaining behavior that assumes that a mental, or “inner,” dimension exists that differ from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior, if not all
Mentalism
A tact evoked by a novel stimulus that shares some, but not all, of the relevant features of the original stimulus
Metaphorical (Tact) Extension
A philosophical position that views behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of science
Methodological Behaviorism
A tact evoked by a novel stimulus that shares none of the relevant features of the original stimulus configuration, but some irrelevant yet related feature has acquired stimulus control
Metonymical (Tact) Extension
A compound schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more basic schedules of reinforcement (elements) that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence; no discriminative stimuli are correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule, and reinforcement is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the element in effect at any time
Mixed Schedule
A behavior change strategy in which learners acquire new skills by imitating demonstrations of the skills by live or symbolic models
- The model shows, demonstrates, or conveys exactly the behavior the learner is expected to perform
- Models can be live demonstrations or symbolic representations of the desired behavior
Modeling
A measurement method in which the presence or absence of behaviors is recorded at precisely specified time intervals
Momentary Time Sampling
A technique of transferring stimulus control in which the practitioner physically guides the participant through the entire performance sequence, and then gradually reduces the level of assistance in successive trials
- Customarily, this transitions from physical guidance to visual prompts to verbal instructions, and finally to the natural stimulus without prompts
Most to Least Response Prompts
An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, prevent; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event
Motivating Operation (MO)
A type of duplic verbal behavior in which the form of a motor response is under the functional control of a visual verbal SD that has formal similarity between a verbal stimulus and a verbal response product, and a history of generalized reinforcement
Motor Imitation (Relating to Sign Language)
An experimental design in which two or more conditions (one of which may be a no treatment control condition) are presented in rapidly alternating succession (eg; on alternating sessions or days) independent of the level of responding; differences in responding between or among conditions are attributed to the effects of the conditions
Multielement Design
A multiple baseline design in which the treatment variable is applied to two or more different behaviors of the same subject in the same setting
Multiple Baseline Across Behaviors Design
A multiple baseline design in which the treatment variable is applied to the same behavior of the same subject across two or more different settings, situations, or time periods
Multiple Baseline Across Settings Design
