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Y3 Reproduction > Uterine Cancer > Flashcards

Uterine Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

what is hyperplasia?

A

an increase in the number of cells

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2
Q

what are the three types of endometrial hyperplasia?

A

simple
complex
atypical

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3
Q

which type of endometrial hyperplasia is a precursor of carcinoma?

A

atypical

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4
Q

what is one possible cause of endometrial hyperplasia?

A

persistent oestrogen stimulation

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5
Q

how does endometrial hyperplasia present?

A

abnormal bleeding

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6
Q

when is the peak incidence of endometrial carcinoma?

A

50-60 years old

uncommon under 40

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7
Q

what should be considered in young women with endometrial carcinoma?

A

underlying conditions

i.e. PCOS, Lynch syndrome

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8
Q

what are the two main groups of endometrial carcinoma?

A

endometrioid carcinoma

serous carcinoma

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9
Q

what is the precursor of an endometrioid endometrial carcinoma?

A

atypical hyperplasia

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10
Q

what is a type one endometrial carcinoma?

A

endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

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11
Q

which type of endometrial carcinoma is most common?

A

endometrioid

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12
Q

what is endometrioid endometrial carcinoma related to?

A

unopposed oestrogen

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13
Q

what are the two types of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma?

A

endometrioid

mucinous

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14
Q

what mutations are associated with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma?

A

PTEN
KRAS
PIK3CA

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15
Q

what is the precursor for serous endometrial carcinoma?

A

serous intraepithelial carcinoma

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16
Q

what is a type two endometrial carcinoma?

A

serous endometrial carcinoma

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17
Q

who gets serous endometrial carcinomas?

A

elderly, postmenopausal

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18
Q

what mutation is often associated with serous endometrial carcinoma?

A

TP35

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19
Q

what are the two phenotypes of serous endometrial carcinoma?

A

serous

clear cell

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20
Q

how can serous endometrial carcinoma spread?

A

along Fallopian tube mucosa and onto peritoneal surfaces

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21
Q

what is the more aggressive type of endometrial carcinoma?

A

serous endometrial carcinoma

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22
Q

how does endometrial carcinoma usually present?

A

abnormal bleeding

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23
Q

how can endometrial carcinoma spread?

A

directly
lymphatic
haematogenous

24
Q

where can endometrial carcinoma spread directly?

A

myometrium

cervix

25
Q

what are the stages for endometrial carcinoma?

A

I-IV

26
Q

what does prognosis of endometrial carcinoma depend on?

A

stage
histological grade
depth of myometrial invasion

27
Q

what are the treatment options for endometrial carcinoma?

A

hysterectomy
chemotherapy
radiotherapy

28
Q

define a grade 1 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

A

5% or less solid growth

29
Q

define a grade 2 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

A

6-50% solid growth

30
Q

define a grade 3 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

A

> 50% solid growth

31
Q

what is a stage I endometrial carcinoma?

A

confined to the uterus

32
Q

what is a stage IA endometrial carcinoma?

A

no/<50% myometrial invasion

33
Q

what is a stage IB endometrial carcinoma?

A

invasion equal to or >50% of myometrium

34
Q

what is a stage II endometrial carcinoma?

A

tumour invades cervical stroma

35
Q

what is a stage III endometrial carcinoma?

A

local and/or regional tumour spread

36
Q

what is a stage IIIA endometrial carcinoma?

A

tumour invades serosa of uterus and/or adnexae

37
Q

what is a stage IIIB endometrial carcinoma?

A

vaginal and/or parametrical involvement

38
Q

what is a stage IIIC endometrial carcinoma?

A

metastases to pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph nodes

39
Q

what is a stage IV endometrial carcinoma?

A

tumour invades bladder and/or bowel mucosa (IVA)

and/or distant metastases (IVB)

40
Q

what is endometrial stromal sarcoma?

A

tumour arising from the endometrial stroma

41
Q

where can endometrial stromal sarcoma invade?

A

myometrium

lymph-vascular spaces

42
Q

where can endometrial stromal sarcoma invade?

A

myometrium

lymph-vascular spaces

43
Q

how do endometrial stromal sarcoma usually present?

A

AUB

metastasis

44
Q

where do endometrial stromal sarcoma commonly metastasise to?

A

ovary

lung

45
Q

what is the most important prognostic factor for endometrial stromal sarcoma?

A

stage

46
Q

what is endometrial carcinosarcoma?

A

a mixed tumour with malignant, epithelial and stromal elements

47
Q

who tends to get endometrial carcinosarcoma?

A

elderly women

48
Q

what is the prognosis like for endometrial carcinosarcoma?

A

poor

very aggressive

49
Q

what is an older name used for endometrial carcinosarcoma?

A

mixed Mullerian tumour

50
Q

what are two possible smooth muscle tumours of the myometrium?

A

leiomyoma (benign)

leiomyosarcoma (malignant)

51
Q

what is another name for uterine leiomyoma?

A

uterine fibroids

52
Q

what is uterine leiomyoma associated with?

A

menorrhagia

infertility

53
Q

what is seen in morphology of leiomyosarcoma?

A

spindle cells

54
Q

what is the most common uterine sarcoma

A

leiomyosarcoma

55
Q

who is most commonly affected by leiomyosarcoma?

A

women over 50

56
Q

what are the most common symptoms of leiomyosarcoma?

A

abnormal vaginal bleeding
palpable pelvic mass
pelvic pain

Y3 Reproduction (49 decks)

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