Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 Reproduction > Early Pregnancy Complications > Flashcards

Early Pregnancy Complications Flashcards

1
Q

what is the characteristic appearance of molar pregnancy on USS?

A

snowstorm appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when is pregnancy assumed?

A

amenorrhoea

positive urine pregnancy test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what marker is tested for in a urine pregnancy test?

A

BhCG

human chorionic gonadotrophin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a miscarriage?

A

the loss of an early pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the main symptoms of a miscarriage?

A

bleeding
cramping pains
passed products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what investigations should be done in a suspected miscarriage?

A

ultrasound scan to determine where the pregnancy is

speculum exam to assess stage of miscarriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a threatened miscarriage?

A

symptoms of miscarriage but cervical os is closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is an inevitable miscarriage?

A

products sited at the open os

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a complete miscarriage?

A

products in the vagina and the os is closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a rare but severe presentation of miscarriage?

A

cervical shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does cervical shock present?

A

cramps
N+V
sweating
fainting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what causes cervical shock in a miscarriage?

A

products holding the cervix open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is cervical shock managed?

A

remove products from cervix
IV resus
uterotonics may be needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an anembryonic pregnancy?

A

no foetus, empty sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what bloods are done for a suspected miscarriage?

A

FBC
G+S
serum hCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the possible treatment options for miscarriage?

A

conservative
medical
surgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what needs to be given if surgical intervention is needed for a miscarriage?

A

anti-D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is recurrent miscarriage?

A

3 or more pregnancy losses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what syndrome is often associated with recurrent miscarriage?

A

anti-phospholipid syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is given if a patient with APS has a viable IUP?

A

LDA

daily fragmin injections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what should be done if there are two or more unexplained miscarriages and the patient is >35?

A

use of a progesterone pessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

a normal embryo that has implanted outwith the uterine cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does ectopic pregnancy often present?

A 
pain 
bleeding 
dizziness 
shoulder tip pain 
SOB
24
Q

what are some signs seen in ectopic pregnancy?

A 
pallor 
haemodynamic instability 
peritoneum 
guarding 
tenderness
25
Q

who should review a woman with suspected ectopic pregnancy + deteriorating symptoms?

A

urgent review by a senior gynaecologist

26
Q

what are red flag signs for ectopic pregnancy?

A

repeated abdominal and/or pelvic pain presentations

pain requiring opiates

27
Q

what investigations should be done for a suspected ectopic pregnancy?

A

FBC
G+S
BhCG
TVUS

28
Q

what can be seen on TVUS in ectopic pregnancy?

A

empty uterus
mass in adnexae possibly
free fluid in pouch of Douglas

29
Q

what are the surgical options for managing ectopic pregnancy?

A

laparoscopic salpingectomy

30
Q

when is surgical management done for an ectopic pregnancy?

A

if the patient is acutely unwell

31
Q

when is medical management for an ectopic pregnancy done?

A

stable
low levels of BhCG
ectopic small and unruptured

32
Q

when is conservative management of an ectopic pregnancy done?

A

well patient

compliant with follow up visits

33
Q

what is the current standard medical management for an ectopic pregnancy?

A

methotrexate

34
Q

what is PUL?

A

pregnancy of unknown location

35
Q

how does PUL present?

A

amenorrhoea

abdominal pain

36
Q

what is seen on investigations in PUL?

A

no evidence of pregnancy

hCG confirming pregnancy

37
Q

what is the management for PUL if they are clinically well?

A

methotrexate

38
Q

what are the types of molar pregnancy?

A

complete

partial

39
Q

what is the risk associated with a complete mole?

A

risk of developing into a choriocarcinoma

40
Q

what is a complete mole?

A

egg without DNA

1/2 sperms fertilise resulting in a diploid cell

41
Q

what grows from a complete mole?

A

no foetus

overgrowth of placental tissue

42
Q

what is a partial mole?

A

haploid egg
1 sperm that reduplicates or two sperms

triploid zygote formed

43
Q

what grows from a a partial mole?

A

may have a foetus

overgrowth of placental tissue

44
Q

what is the characteristic appearance of a complete mole on USS?

A

snowstorm appearance

45
Q

how are molar pregnancies managed?

A

surgical evacuation

46
Q

when does implantation occur?

A

when the fertilised egg implants in the endometrial lining

about 10 days post ovulation

47
Q

what is a chorionic haematoma?

A

pooling of blood between the endometrium and the embryo

48
Q

how does chorionic haematoma present?

A

bleeding
cramping
threatened miscarriage

49
Q

how are chorionic haematomas managed?

A

usually resolve themselves

50
Q

what are possible complications of large chorionic haematomas?

A

infection
irritability
miscarriage

51
Q

how is bacterial vaginosis managed in pregnancy?

A

metronidazole 400mg twice daily for 7 days

52
Q

how is chlamydia managed in pregnancy?

A

erythromycin or amoxicillin

test of cure three weeks later

53
Q

what is hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

excessive protracted vomiting that impacts WoL

54
Q

what medications can be given for hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

antiemetics

55
Q

what antiemetics can be given for hyperemesis gravidarum?

A

1st line = cyclising, prochlorperazine

2nd = metoclopramide

Y3 Reproduction (49 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions