Pathology - Ovaries Flashcards
what are the five main groups of ovarian cysts?
follicular luteal endometriosis epithelial mesothelial
when do follicular ovarian cysts form?
when ovulation doesn’t occur
in what disease are follicular ovarian cysts common?
polycystic ovaries
what lines follicular ovarian cysts?
granulose cells
how long does it take for follicular ovarian cysts to resolve?
over a few months without any need for management
what is endometriosis?
the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine body
what are some possible sites that can be affected by endometriosis?
ovary pouch of Douglas peritoneum cervix vulva vagina etc etc etc
what are some possible complications of endometriosis?
pain cysts adhesions infertility ectopic pregnancy
what malignancy is associated with endometriosis?
endometrioid carcinoma
what are the five different types of ovarian tumours?
epithelial germ cell sex cord/stromal metastatic miscellaneous
what are the five types of epithelial ovarian tumours?
serous mucinous endometrioid clear cell brenner
what are the classifications for epithelial ovarian tumours?
benign
borderline
malignant
what makes an epithelial ovarian tumour benign?
no cytological abnormality
proliferative activity absent
no stromal invasion
what makes an epithelial ovarian tumour borderline?
cytological abnormalities
proliferative
no stromal invasion
what makes an epithelial ovarian tumour malignant?
stromal invasion
what are the two types of serous ovarian carcinoma?
high grade serous carcinoma
low grade serous carcinoma
what is the precursor for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma?
serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC)
what is the precursor for low grade serous ovarian carcinoma?
serous borderline tumour
what condition has a strong associated with endometrioid ovarian carcinoma?
endometriosis o the ovary
what syndrome are endometrioid ovarian carcinomas associated with?
Lynch syndrome
what is a Brenner tumour?
a tumour of the transitional type epithelium of the ovaries
usually benign
what is the most common germ cell tumour of the ovary?
mature cystic teratoma
what is another name for a mature cystic teratoma?
dermoid cyst
what are five other types of germ cell tumours that can affect the ovaries?
immature teratoma dysgerminoma yolk sac tumour choriocarcinoma mixed germ cell tumour
what is the most common malignant primitive germ cell tumour?
dysgerminoma
name three ovarian sex cord/stromal tumours
fibroma/thecoma
granulose cell tumour
sertoli-leydig cell tumours
what is the most common type of ovarian sex cord/stromal tumour?
fibroma aka thecoma
what type of tumour is an ovarian fibroma?
benign
what can ovarian fibroma produce and how can this present?
oestrogen
can cause uterine bleeding
where do metastases to the ovaries most commonly come from?
stomach
colon
breast
pancreas
when do ovarian metastases need to be considered?
in all cases but especially when the tumours are bilateral and small
