Pathology - Ovaries

Question 1

what are the five main groups of ovarian cysts?

Answer 1

follicular 
luteal 
endometriosis 
epithelial 
mesothelial

Question 2

when do follicular ovarian cysts form?

Answer 2

when ovulation doesn’t occur

Question 3

in what disease are follicular ovarian cysts common?

Answer 3

polycystic ovaries

Question 4

what lines follicular ovarian cysts?

Answer 4

granulose cells

Question 5

how long does it take for follicular ovarian cysts to resolve?

Answer 5

over a few months without any need for management

Question 6

what is endometriosis?

Answer 6

the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine body

Question 7

what are some possible sites that can be affected by endometriosis?

Answer 7

ovary 
pouch of Douglas 
peritoneum 
cervix 
vulva 
vagina 
etc etc etc

Question 8

what are some possible complications of endometriosis?

Answer 8

pain 
cysts 
adhesions 
infertility 
ectopic pregnancy

Question 9

what malignancy is associated with endometriosis?

Answer 9

endometrioid carcinoma

Question 10

what are the five different types of ovarian tumours?

Answer 10

epithelial 
germ cell 
sex cord/stromal 
metastatic 
miscellaneous

Question 11

what are the five types of epithelial ovarian tumours?

Answer 11

serous
mucinous 
endometrioid
clear cell
brenner

Question 12

what are the classifications for epithelial ovarian tumours?

Answer 12

benign
borderline
malignant

Question 13

what makes an epithelial ovarian tumour benign?

Answer 13

no cytological abnormality
proliferative activity absent
no stromal invasion

Question 14

what makes an epithelial ovarian tumour borderline?

Answer 14

cytological abnormalities
proliferative
no stromal invasion

Question 15

what makes an epithelial ovarian tumour malignant?

Answer 15

stromal invasion

Question 16

what are the two types of serous ovarian carcinoma?

Answer 16

high grade serous carcinoma

low grade serous carcinoma

Question 17

what is the precursor for high grade serous ovarian carcinoma?

Answer 17

serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC)

Question 18

what is the precursor for low grade serous ovarian carcinoma?

Answer 18

serous borderline tumour

Question 19

what condition has a strong associated with endometrioid ovarian carcinoma?

Answer 19

endometriosis o the ovary

Question 20

what syndrome are endometrioid ovarian carcinomas associated with?

Answer 20

Lynch syndrome

Question 21

what is a Brenner tumour?

Answer 21

a tumour of the transitional type epithelium of the ovaries

usually benign

Question 22

what is the most common germ cell tumour of the ovary?

Answer 22

mature cystic teratoma

Question 23

what is another name for a mature cystic teratoma?

Answer 23

dermoid cyst

Question 24

what are five other types of germ cell tumours that can affect the ovaries?

Answer 24

immature teratoma 
dysgerminoma 
yolk sac tumour 
choriocarcinoma 
mixed germ cell tumour

Question 25

what is the most common malignant primitive germ cell tumour?

Answer 25

dysgerminoma

Question 26

name three ovarian sex cord/stromal tumours

Answer 26

fibroma/thecoma granulose cell tumour sertoli-leydig cell tumours

Question 27

what is the most common type of ovarian sex cord/stromal tumour?

Answer 27

fibroma aka thecoma

Question 28

what type of tumour is an ovarian fibroma?

Answer 28

benign

Question 29

what can ovarian fibroma produce and how can this present?

Answer 29

oestrogen can cause uterine bleeding

Question 30

where do metastases to the ovaries most commonly come from?

Answer 30

stomach colon breast pancreas

Question 31

when do ovarian metastases need to be considered?

Answer 31

in all cases but especially when the tumours are bilateral and small