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Y3 Reproduction > Anatomy - Surgical Incisions > Flashcards

Anatomy - Surgical Incisions Flashcards

1
Q

where do the external oblique muscles attach?

A

ribs 5-12
iliac crest
pubic tubercle
linea alba

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2
Q

what direction do the fibres of the external oblique run in?

A

anteroniferior

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3
Q

what is the most superficial muscle of the lateral abdominal wall?

A

external oblique

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4
Q

what does the inferior edge of the external oblique form?

A

the inguinal ligament

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5
Q

where do the internal obliques attach?

A

lower ribs
thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
linea alba

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6
Q

what direction do the fibres of the internal oblique run in?

A

anterosuperior

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7
Q

where does the transversus abdominis attach?

A

costal cartilage ribs 7-12
thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
linea alba

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8
Q

what direction do the fibres of the transversus abdominis run in?

A

anterior

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9
Q

how is the rectus abdominis divided up?

A

tendininous intersections divide each muscle into three or four smaller muscles

to improve efficiency

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10
Q

what forms the linea alba?

A

interweaving of the abdominal muscle aponeuroses

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11
Q

where does the linea alba run?

A

from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

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12
Q

where do the rectus abdominis muscles attach?

A

5-7th costal cartilages
pubic symphysis
pubic crest

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13
Q

what is the pubic crest and where is it found?

A

a bit of bone on the pubic bone

lies medially to the pubic tubercle

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14
Q

where is the rectus sheath located?

A

immediately deep to the superficial fascia

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15
Q

what is the rectus sheath?

A

the combined aponeuroses of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

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16
Q

what is contained in the rectus sheath?

A 
rectus abdominis muscles 
pyramidalis 
nerves 
vessels 
lymphatics
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17
Q

what are the two parts of the rectus sheath?

A

anterior

posterior

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18
Q

what is the anterior rectus sheath made of?

A

superiorly = external oblique

inferiorly = external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus

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19
Q

what is the posterior rectus sheath made of?

A

superiorly = transversus abdominis, internal oblique

posteriorly = vanishes

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20
Q

what is the point where the change in the composition of the rectus sheath called?

A

the arcuate line

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21
Q

where is the arcuate line located?

A

a third of the way between the umbilicus and the pubic crest

22
Q

what are these structures behind the muscles of the abdominal wall, from superficial to deep?

A

transversalis fascia
extra-peritoneal fat
parietal peritoneum
abdominal organs

23
Q

what does the nerve supply to the anterolateral wall consist of?

A

thoracoabdominal nerves
subcostal nerves
iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve

24
Q

what forms the thoracoabdominal nerves?

A

7-11th intercostal nerves

25
Q

what forms the subcostal nerve?

A

T12

26
Q

what forms the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

L1

27
Q

what forms the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

L1

28
Q

what arteries provide blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

superior epigastric

inferior epigastric

29
Q

what forms the superior epigastric arteries?

A

continuations of the internal thoracic arteries

30
Q

where do the superior epigastric arteries arise?

A

superior aspect of the abdominal wall

31
Q

what forms the inferior epigastric arteries?

A

branches of the external iliac

32
Q

where do the inferior epigastric arteries arise?

A

just medial to the deep inguinal ring on the inferior aspect of the abdominal wall

33
Q

what arteries make up the blood supply to the lateral abdominal wall?

A

intercostal and subcostal arteries

34
Q

where do the intercostal and subcostal arteries arise from?

A

continuations of the posterior intercostal arteries

35
Q

when can the uterus first be palpated?

A

12 weeks gestation

36
Q

where can the uterus be palpated at 20 weeks?

A

at the umbilicus

37
Q

how much does the uterus grow from week 20?

A

around 1cm a week

38
Q

where can the uterus be palpated at 36 weeks?

A

near the xiphoid process

39
Q

how does SFH correlate with gestation?

A

SFH in cm = weeks of gestation +/- 3cm

40
Q

what is SFH?

A

the distance between the pubic symphysis and the funds of the uterus

41
Q

what is an LSCS?

A

lower segment Caesarean section

42
Q

what layers are incised through during an LSCS?

A 
skin + fascia 
anterior rectus sheath 
rectus abdominis 
fascia + peritoneum 
retract bladder 
uterine wall 
amniotic sac
43
Q

which layers are stitched closed in an LSCS?

A

uterine wall with visceral peritoneum
rectus sheath
skin

44
Q

what layers are incised during a laparotomy?

A

skin + fascia
linea alba
peritoneum

45
Q

what layers are stitched closed in a laparotomy?

A

all

46
Q

where is the incision made in a laparotomy?

A

in the midline

47
Q

what incisions may be made for laparoscopy?

A

sub umbilical

may also need lateral ports

48
Q

what do you need to avoid if creating a lateral port for laparoscopy?

A

the inferior epigastric artery

49
Q

what are the two types of hysterectomy?

A

abdominal

vaginal

50
Q

what is an abdominal hysterectomy?

A

removal of the uterus via an incision in the abdominal wall

51
Q

what is a vaginal hysterectomy?

A

removal of the uterus via the vagina

Y3 Reproduction (49 decks)

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