Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 Reproduction > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

what sets up the body axis during development?

A

the formation of the primitive streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what occurs during gastrulation?

A

formation of the three primary germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where do the urogenital systems arise from in an embryo?

A

the intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where do the excretory ducts of the urogenital system enter during development?

A

the cloaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what goes on to form the reproductive system in the embryo?

A

the genital ridge

medial part of the urogenital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the first stage of genital development called and why?

A

the indifferent stage

no anatomical indications of sex until week 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when does the indifferent stage occur?

A

weeks 4-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are PGC’s?

A

primordial germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens at the beginning of the indifferent stage?

A

PGC’s from the yolk sac migrate to the intermediate mesoderm

via the dorsal mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how are the genital ridges formed during the indifferent stage?

A

coelomic epithelium proliferates and thickens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does proliferation of epithelium in the genital ridges form?

A

the primitive sex cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what enters the primitive sex cords once they have developed?

A

PGC’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do the PGC’s in the sex cords give rise to?

A

the ova and sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the second phase in genital development?

A

ambisexual/bipotential phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens during the ambisexual phase?

A

the genital ducts develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two sets of genital ducts present in all embryos?

A

mesonephric ducts

paramesonephric ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is another name for the mesonephric dust?

A

Wollfian ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is another name for the paramesonephric ducts?

A

Mullerian ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what genitals do the mesonephric ducts give rise to?

A

male genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what genitals do the paramesonephric ducts give rise to?

A

female genitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what mark the ambisexual phase of development?

A

genital ducts

indifferent gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when does sexual differentiation occur in a foetus?

A

week 7 onwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in female development, what do the germ cells differentiate into?

A

oogonia

then into primary oocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in female development, what do somatic support cells differentiate into?

A

granulose cells

these surround primary oocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is formed when granulosa cells surround the primary oocytes?

A

primordial follicles

26
Q

what causes female development to begin in an foetus?

A

absence of the SRY transcription factor

27
Q

what does the surface epithelium surrounding a developing ovary give rise to?

A

the cortical cords

28
Q

what is another name for the cortical cords?

A

the secondary sex cords

29
Q

what happens as the cortical cords grow?

A

PGC’s are incorporated into them

proliferate and arrest in prophase I

30
Q

alongside the primordial follicles, what else is produced by the female gonad during development?

A

theca cells

31
Q

what are thecal cells?

A

essentially endocrine cells associated with the follicles

32
Q

do the thecal cells produce?

A

androgen required to build oestrogen in the ovaries

33
Q

what effect does presence of oestrogen have during female development?

A

stimulates formation of female external genitalia and the development of the paramesonephric ducts

34
Q

what do the paramesonephric ducts give rise to in female development?

A

uterine tubes
uterus
superior vagina

35
Q

what are the three parts of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

cranial portion
horizontal portion
caudal portion

36
Q

what happens to the cranial portion of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

opens into the coelomic cavity

37
Q

what happens to the horizontal portion of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

crosses the mesonephric duct

38
Q

what happens to the caudal portion of the paramesonephric ducts?

A

fuses with the opposite paramesonephric duct

39
Q

what happens to the mesonephric ducts in females?

A

eventually regress

40
Q

what is the fused portion of the caudal mesonephric ducts called?

A

uterovaginal canal

41
Q

what does the uterovaginal canal give rise to?

A

uterus

superior vagina

42
Q

what creates the vaginal lumen?

A

vacuolisation of the paramesonephric portion of the vagina

43
Q

what are some possible congenital abnormalities that can arise during female development?

A

double uterus
double vagina
cervical atresia

44
Q

in male development, what do the somatic support cells develop into?

A

Sertoli cells

45
Q

what do the primary sex cords form during male development?

A

testis
medullary cords

these engulf the PGC’s

46
Q

what connects the mesonephric tubules to the testis cords during male development?

A

rete testis

47
Q

what forms between the coelomic epithelium and testis cords during male development?

A

tunica albuginea

a thickened layer of connective tissue

48
Q

what do Sertoli cells secrete during development?

A

anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)

49
Q

what does AMH do?

A

causes degeneration of the paramesonephric duct

50
Q

what effect do Sertoli cells have on the gonadal ridge cells during development?

A

stimulate them to form leydig cells

51
Q

what do Leydig cells do during development?

A

secrete testosterone

52
Q

what effects does testosterone have during development?

A

induces formation fo the epididymis, vas deferent and seminal vesicles

53
Q

what effect does dihydrotestosterone have during development?

A

induces male specific external genitalia development and development of the prostate

54
Q

what happens in persistent mullerian duct syndrome?

A

the paramesonephric ducts fail to regress

55
Q

how does persistent mullerian duct syndrome present?

A

have a uterus, vagina and uterine tubes
testes where ovaries would be
male external genitalia

56
Q

what moves the testes caudally during development?

A

the gubernaculum

57
Q

what is it called if the testes fail to descend/

A

cryptorchidism

58
Q

what develops near the junction of the mesonephric duct and urethra during week ten of male development?

A

three accessory glands

59
Q

what three accessory glands are produced at week 10 in males?

A

prostate and bulbourethral glands

seminal vesicle

60
Q

what forms the prostate and bulbourethral glands?

A

endodermal invaginations from the urethra

61
Q

what does the seminal vesicle develop from?

A

mesonephric duct

Y3 Reproduction (49 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions