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Y3 Reproduction > Anatomy - Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Anatomy - Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

where is the female reproductive system found?

A

within the pelvic cavity and perineum

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2
Q

what parts of the female reproductive system are found in the pelvic cavity?

A

ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
superior part of the vagina

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3
Q

what parts of the female reproductive system are found in the perineum?

A 
inferior part of vagina 
perineal muscles 
bartholin's glands
clitoris 
labia
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4
Q

what is the primary organ of female reproduction?

A

ovary

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5
Q

where is the pelvic cavity?

A

above the pelvic floor

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6
Q

where is the perineum?

A

below the pelvic floor

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7
Q

what forms roof over the pelvic cavity?

A

the inferior part of the parietal peritoneum

drapes over the pelvic organs

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8
Q

what pouches are formed when the peritoneum drapes over the pelvic organs in a female?

A

vesicle-uterine

recto-uterine

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9
Q

where is the vesico-uterine pouch located?

A

between the bladder and the uterus

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10
Q

where is the recto-uterine pouch found?

A

between the uterus and the rectum

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11
Q

what is another name for the recto-uterine pouch?

A

the pouch of Douglas

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12
Q

what is the clinical significance of the retco-uterine pouch?

A

excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity collects here in females

as it is the most inferior part

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13
Q

how can fluid in the pouch of Douglas be drained?

A

culdocentesis

passing a needle through the posterior fornix of the vagina into the pouch

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14
Q

what is the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

a double layer of peritoneum

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15
Q

where is the broad ligament located?

A

extends between the uterus and the lateral walls + floor of the pelvis

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16
Q

what is the role of the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

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17
Q

what is contained within the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

uterine tubes

proximal part of the round ligament

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18
Q

what is the round ligament of the uterus?

A

an embryological remnant

of the gubernaculum

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19
Q

where does the round ligament of the uterus attach?

A

lateral aspect of the uterus

superficial tissue of the female perineum

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20
Q

what does the round ligament of the uterus pas through?

A

the deep inguinal ring

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21
Q

where is the proximal part of the round ligament of the uterus located?

A

within the broad ligament

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22
Q

what are the three layers of the body of the uterus?

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

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23
Q

where does implantation of a zygote occur?

A

in the body of the uterus

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24
Q

what is it called when a zygote implants anywhere outside of the body of the uterus?

A

ectopic pregnancy

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25
what is the thin outer layer of the body of the uterus called?
perimetrium
26
what is the thick middle muscular layer of the body of the uterus called?
myometrium
27
what layer of the body of the uterus contracts during menstrual cramping and labour?
myometrium
28
what is the inner layer of the body of the uterus called?
endometrium
29
what layer of the body of the uterus is shed during menstruation?
endometrium
30
what are the three levels of support that hold the uterus in position?
strong ligaments endopelvic fascia muscles of the pelvic floor
31
what can weakness of the uterine supports lead to?
uterine prolapse
32
what is uterine prolapse?
movement of the uterus interiorly
33
what is the most common position of the uterus?
anteverted and ante flexed
34
what does it mean that the uterus is anteverted?
the cervix is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
35
what does it mean that the uterus is ante flexed?
the uterus is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
36
where does the mass of the uterus lie?
over the bladder this gives the uterus passive support
37
what is a normal variation of the position of the uterus?
retroverted and retroflexed
38
what does it mean when the uterus is retroverted?
cervix tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
39
what does it mean when the uterus is retroflexed?
uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix
40
what part of the cervix must be sampled in cervical screening?
the squamo-columnar junction
41
where is the brush inserted into during cervical screening?
the external cervical os
42
where does fertilisation occur?
in the ampulla of the uterine tubes
43
what is a bilateral salpingo-oophrxectomy?
removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries
44
what is a unilateral salpingectomy?
removal of one of the uterine tubes
45
where do the ends of the uterine tubes open into?
the peritoneal tract
46
what investigation can be done to visualise the uterine tubes?
hysterosalpingogram (HSG)
47
what do the ovaries secrete?
oestrogen | progesterone
48
where do the ovaries develop?
on the posterior abdominal wall
49
where do the ovaries move to after development and how?
onto the lateral wall of the pelvis assisted by the round ligament of the uterus
50
what is the vagina?
a muscular tube
51
describe the normal position of the walls of the vagina
usually in contact except superiorly where the cervix holds them apart
52
what is the area where the vaginal walls are held apart by the cervix called?
the fornix
53
what are the four parts of the fornix?
anterior posterior lateral x2
54
how can the position of the uterus be palpated?
by bimanual palpation
55
what are the adnexae?
the uterine tubes and the ovaries
56
how are the adnexae palpated?
place examining fingers into the lateral fornix | press deeply with other hand in the iliac fossa
57
what can be detected by palpated the adnexae?
large masses or tenderness affecting these structures
58
how can the ischial spines be palpated?
examining finger in the lateral fornix feel in the 4 and 8 o clock positions
59
what is palpation of the ischial spines useful for?
determine position of the foetus during labour administering pudendal nerve blocks
60
what is the perineum?
the shallow space between the pelvic diaphragm and the skin
61
what forms the roof of the perineum?
the pelvic floor
62
what are the two parts of the perineum?
superficial and deep pouches
63
describe the structure of the perineum
diamond shape between the pubic symphysis, ischial spines and coccyx
64
what is the anterior part of the perineum called?
the urogenital triangle
65
what is the posterior part of the perineum called?
the anal triangle
66
what type of muscle is levator ani?
skeletal
67
what nerve supplies the perineal muscles?
pudendal
68
what is the perineal body?
a bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach
69
what is the perineal body important for?
pelvic floor strength
70
what is another name for bartholin's glands?
greater vestibular glands
71
where are bartholin's glands located?
at the posterior ends of the erectile tissue in females
72
what is the role of bartholin's glands?
secrete a lubricating fluid
73
what can happen to bartholin's glands as a result of infection?
can become very enlarged
74
where does the bed of the breast extend from?
ribs 2-6 lateral border of the sternum to mid axillary line
75
what is the space between the fascia and the breast called?
retromammary space
76
how are the breasts attached to the skin?
via suspensory ligaments
77
what are the four quadrants of the breasts?
upper outer upper inner lower inner lower outer
78
where does most lymph from the breast drain?
ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes then to supraclavicular nodes
79
where can lymph from inner breast quadrants drain?
parasternal lymph nodes
80
where can lymph from lower inner breast quadrants drain?
abdominal lymph nodes
81
lymph from what other body parts drain to the axillary lymph nodes?
upper limbs
82
what is axillary node clearance?
removal of the axillary nodes
83
where are the level I axillary nodes located?
inferior and lateral to pectorals minor
84
where are the level II axillary nodes located?
deep to pectoralis minor
85
where are the level III axillary nodes located?
superior and medial to pectoralis minor
86
what is the main arterial supply to the breasts?
internal thoracic artery
87
what is the arterial supply to the lateral aspect of the breasts?
thoracic and thoracoacromial arteries lateral mammary branches of the intercostal arteries
88
what is the venous drainage of the breasts?
axillary vein some to internal thoracic vein

Y3 Reproduction (49 decks)

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