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Y3 Reproduction > Anatomy - Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Anatomy - Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

where is the female reproductive system found?

A

within the pelvic cavity and perineum

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2
Q

what parts of the female reproductive system are found in the pelvic cavity?

A

ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
superior part of the vagina

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3
Q

what parts of the female reproductive system are found in the perineum?

A 
inferior part of vagina 
perineal muscles 
bartholin's glands
clitoris 
labia
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4
Q

what is the primary organ of female reproduction?

A

ovary

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5
Q

where is the pelvic cavity?

A

above the pelvic floor

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6
Q

where is the perineum?

A

below the pelvic floor

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7
Q

what forms roof over the pelvic cavity?

A

the inferior part of the parietal peritoneum

drapes over the pelvic organs

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8
Q

what pouches are formed when the peritoneum drapes over the pelvic organs in a female?

A

vesicle-uterine

recto-uterine

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9
Q

where is the vesico-uterine pouch located?

A

between the bladder and the uterus

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10
Q

where is the recto-uterine pouch found?

A

between the uterus and the rectum

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11
Q

what is another name for the recto-uterine pouch?

A

the pouch of Douglas

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12
Q

what is the clinical significance of the retco-uterine pouch?

A

excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity collects here in females

as it is the most inferior part

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13
Q

how can fluid in the pouch of Douglas be drained?

A

culdocentesis

passing a needle through the posterior fornix of the vagina into the pouch

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14
Q

what is the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

a double layer of peritoneum

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15
Q

where is the broad ligament located?

A

extends between the uterus and the lateral walls + floor of the pelvis

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16
Q

what is the role of the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

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17
Q

what is contained within the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

uterine tubes

proximal part of the round ligament

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18
Q

what is the round ligament of the uterus?

A

an embryological remnant

of the gubernaculum

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19
Q

where does the round ligament of the uterus attach?

A

lateral aspect of the uterus

superficial tissue of the female perineum

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20
Q

what does the round ligament of the uterus pas through?

A

the deep inguinal ring

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21
Q

where is the proximal part of the round ligament of the uterus located?

A

within the broad ligament

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22
Q

what are the three layers of the body of the uterus?

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

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23
Q

where does implantation of a zygote occur?

A

in the body of the uterus

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24
Q

what is it called when a zygote implants anywhere outside of the body of the uterus?

A

ectopic pregnancy

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25
Q

what is the thin outer layer of the body of the uterus called?

A

perimetrium

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26
Q

what is the thick middle muscular layer of the body of the uterus called?

A

myometrium

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27
Q

what layer of the body of the uterus contracts during menstrual cramping and labour?

A

myometrium

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28
Q

what is the inner layer of the body of the uterus called?

A

endometrium

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29
Q

what layer of the body of the uterus is shed during menstruation?

A

endometrium

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30
Q

what are the three levels of support that hold the uterus in position?

A

strong ligaments
endopelvic fascia
muscles of the pelvic floor

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31
Q

what can weakness of the uterine supports lead to?

A

uterine prolapse

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32
Q

what is uterine prolapse?

A

movement of the uterus interiorly

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33
Q

what is the most common position of the uterus?

A

anteverted and ante flexed

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34
Q

what does it mean that the uterus is anteverted?

A

the cervix is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

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35
Q

what does it mean that the uterus is ante flexed?

A

the uterus is tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

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36
Q

where does the mass of the uterus lie?

A

over the bladder

this gives the uterus passive support

37
Q

what is a normal variation of the position of the uterus?

A

retroverted and retroflexed

38
Q

what does it mean when the uterus is retroverted?

A

cervix tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina

39
Q

what does it mean when the uterus is retroflexed?

A

uterus tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

40
Q

what part of the cervix must be sampled in cervical screening?

A

the squamo-columnar junction

41
Q

where is the brush inserted into during cervical screening?

A

the external cervical os

42
Q

where does fertilisation occur?

A

in the ampulla of the uterine tubes

43
Q

what is a bilateral salpingo-oophrxectomy?

A

removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries

44
Q

what is a unilateral salpingectomy?

A

removal of one of the uterine tubes

45
Q

where do the ends of the uterine tubes open into?

A

the peritoneal tract

46
Q

what investigation can be done to visualise the uterine tubes?

A

hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

47
Q

what do the ovaries secrete?

A

oestrogen

progesterone

48
Q

where do the ovaries develop?

A

on the posterior abdominal wall

49
Q

where do the ovaries move to after development and how?

A

onto the lateral wall of the pelvis

assisted by the round ligament of the uterus

50
Q

what is the vagina?

A

a muscular tube

51
Q

describe the normal position of the walls of the vagina

A

usually in contact

except superiorly where the cervix holds them apart

52
Q

what is the area where the vaginal walls are held apart by the cervix called?

A

the fornix

53
Q

what are the four parts of the fornix?

A

anterior
posterior
lateral x2

54
Q

how can the position of the uterus be palpated?

A

by bimanual palpation

55
Q

what are the adnexae?

A

the uterine tubes and the ovaries

56
Q

how are the adnexae palpated?

A

place examining fingers into the lateral fornix

press deeply with other hand in the iliac fossa

57
Q

what can be detected by palpated the adnexae?

A

large masses or tenderness affecting these structures

58
Q

how can the ischial spines be palpated?

A

examining finger in the lateral fornix

feel in the 4 and 8 o clock positions

59
Q

what is palpation of the ischial spines useful for?

A

determine position of the foetus during labour

administering pudendal nerve blocks

60
Q

what is the perineum?

A

the shallow space between the pelvic diaphragm and the skin

61
Q

what forms the roof of the perineum?

A

the pelvic floor

62
Q

what are the two parts of the perineum?

A

superficial and deep pouches

63
Q

describe the structure of the perineum

A

diamond shape

between the pubic symphysis, ischial spines and coccyx

64
Q

what is the anterior part of the perineum called?

A

the urogenital triangle

65
Q

what is the posterior part of the perineum called?

A

the anal triangle

66
Q

what type of muscle is levator ani?

A

skeletal

67
Q

what nerve supplies the perineal muscles?

A

pudendal

68
Q

what is the perineal body?

A

a bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach

69
Q

what is the perineal body important for?

A

pelvic floor strength

70
Q

what is another name for bartholin’s glands?

A

greater vestibular glands

71
Q

where are bartholin’s glands located?

A

at the posterior ends of the erectile tissue in females

72
Q

what is the role of bartholin’s glands?

A

secrete a lubricating fluid

73
Q

what can happen to bartholin’s glands as a result of infection?

A

can become very enlarged

74
Q

where does the bed of the breast extend from?

A

ribs 2-6

lateral border of the sternum to mid axillary line

75
Q

what is the space between the fascia and the breast called?

A

retromammary space

76
Q

how are the breasts attached to the skin?

A

via suspensory ligaments

77
Q

what are the four quadrants of the breasts?

A

upper outer
upper inner
lower inner
lower outer

78
Q

where does most lymph from the breast drain?

A

ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes

then to supraclavicular nodes

79
Q

where can lymph from inner breast quadrants drain?

A

parasternal lymph nodes

80
Q

where can lymph from lower inner breast quadrants drain?

A

abdominal lymph nodes

81
Q

lymph from what other body parts drain to the axillary lymph nodes?

A

upper limbs

82
Q

what is axillary node clearance?

A

removal of the axillary nodes

83
Q

where are the level I axillary nodes located?

A

inferior and lateral to pectorals minor

84
Q

where are the level II axillary nodes located?

A

deep to pectoralis minor

85
Q

where are the level III axillary nodes located?

A

superior and medial to pectoralis minor

86
Q

what is the main arterial supply to the breasts?

A

internal thoracic artery

87
Q

what is the arterial supply to the lateral aspect of the breasts?

A

thoracic and thoracoacromial arteries

lateral mammary branches of the intercostal arteries

88
Q

what is the venous drainage of the breasts?

A

axillary vein

some to internal thoracic vein

Y3 Reproduction (49 decks)

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