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Y3 Reproduction > Maternal Infections > Flashcards

Maternal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

how is rubella transmitted?

A

direct contact

respiratory droplets

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2
Q

how does rubella present?

A

fever
rash
lymphadenopathy
poly arthritis

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3
Q

what can maternal rubella infection result in?

A

miscarriage
still birth
birth defects

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4
Q

what birth defects can be caused by maternal rubella?

A

CRS

cataracts, cardiac abnormalities and deafness

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5
Q

how should maternal rubella be managed?

A

not immune - consider TOP

supportive treatment otherwise

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6
Q

what causes measles?

A

paramyxovirus

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7
Q

how does measles present?

A 
fever 
koplik spots 
runny nose 
red eyes 
rash
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8
Q

what are koplik spots?

A

white spots seen inside the mouth in measles

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9
Q

is measles teratogenic?

A

no

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10
Q

what possible foetal complications can measles cause?

A 
IUGR 
microcephaly 
miscarriage 
stillbirth 
preterm birth
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11
Q

how is maternal measles managed?

A

supportive care

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12
Q

what causes chickenpox?

A

varicella zoster

transmission = droplets

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13
Q

how does chicken pox present?

A

fever
malaise
vesicular rash

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14
Q

how is chicken pox managed?

A

VZIG <10 days post exposure

supportive

consider acyclovir if >20 weeks

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15
Q

what is the outcome of chicken pox at 7-28 weeks gestation?

A

foetal varicella syndrome

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16
Q

what is the outcome of chicken pox at 4 weeks before delivery?

A

neonatal chicken pox

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17
Q

what causes congenital varicella syndrome?

A

transplacental varicella zoster infection in pregnancy

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18
Q

how is congenital varicella syndrome investigated?

A

refer to foetal medicine specialist for a detailed USS and foetal MRI

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19
Q

what are possible complications of congenital varicella syndrome?

A 
hypoplasia of limbs
psychomotor retardation
IUGR
cataracts
microcephaly
20
Q

what can maternal infection with cytomegalovirus lead to?

A

miscarriage
stillbirth
IUGR
microcephaly

21
Q

what is the main non genetic cause of sensorineural deafness?

A

cytomegalovirus

22
Q

what is the risk of congenital cytomegalovirus infection after maternal infection?

A

1st trimester = 30%

3rd trimester = 47%

23
Q

how is maternal cytomegalovirus managed?

A

valacyclovir and hyperimmune globulin

24
Q

what does parvovirus cause?

A

slapped cheek syndrome aka fifth disease

25
Q

what is the risk of foetal parvovirus infection after maternal infection?

A

1/3

26
Q

what are possible serious complications of foetal parvovirus infection?

A

aplastic anaemia
congenital heart failure
hydrops
foetal death

27
Q

when is risk of foetal loss higher due to parvovirus infection?

A

infection <10 weeks gestation

28
Q

how is parvovirus diagnosed?

A

detection of virus specific IgM

28
Q

how is parvovirus diagnosed

A
29
Q

what investigations should be done if maternal parvovirus is diagnsoed?

A

referral to a foetal medicine specialist for serial USS and foetal MCA doppler

30
Q

describe the effects mumps infection has on pregnancy

A

none

not teratogenic

31
Q

can the MMR live vaccine be given in pregnancy?

A

no

32
Q

what are possible effects of a virulent influenza infection in pregnancy?

A

miscarriage
preterm labour

however usually no effect

33
Q

can the influenza vaccine be given in pregnancy?

A

yes

alss safe in breast feeding

34
Q

what causes primary infection with Zika virus?

A

a mosquito bite

35
Q

what serious birth defects can be caused by Zika virus?

A 
microcephaly 
brain defects 
problems with hearing and vision
seizures
developmental delay
36
Q

what causes genital herpes infection?

A

HSV2

sexually transmitted

37
Q

what type of herpes carries a high risk of foetal infection?

A

primary genital HSV

38
Q

what can increase the risk of vertical transmission of HIV?

A

preterm birth

PROM

39
Q

what drug should be given prior to CS in HIV positive patients?

A

zidovudine four hours prior

40
Q

what causes toxoplasmosis?

A

toxoplasmosis gondii

found in raw meat and cat poo

41
Q

what congenital effects can toxoplasmosis have?

A 
hydrocephalus 
chorioretinitis
cerebral calcifications
microcephaly 
mental retardation
42
Q

what causes listeriosis?

A

listeria monocytogenes

43
Q

is listeriosis more or less common in pregnant women compared to the rest of the population?

A

ten times more common in pregnant women

44
Q

what are the possible obstetric complications of listeriosis?

A

late miscarriage
preterm labour
stillbirth

45
Q

how does listeriosis present?

A

flu like or food poisoning like symptoms

46
Q

how is listeriosis managed?

A

ampicillin + gentamicin

OR

trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole

Y3 Reproduction (49 decks)

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