Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Social Studies > U.S. CONSTITUTION TEST > Flashcards

U.S. CONSTITUTION TEST Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Praxis (5004) - Elem. Ed: Social Studies flashcards Praxis (5904) - Elem. Ed: Three Subject Bundle - Social Studies flashcards Praxis (7004) - Elem. Ed: Social Studies flashcards
1
Q

sources of power5

A
  • expertise: from skills or expertise
  • formal authority: from position within organization
  • persuasion: from ability to influence others
  • rewards: ability to give something of value
  • coercion: ability to punish others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

formal authority

A

legal/official power to give orders and enforce rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

legitimacy

A

quality of those in power to be accepted as authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

examples of legitimacy2

A
  • mandate of heaven: said chinese ruler was son of heaven

- divine right of kings: said kings represented God on Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

purposes of government3

A
  • public order
  • protecting life and property
  • providing public goods for all people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nation-state

A

independent state, especially one in which the people share a common culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

characteristics of nation-states4

A
  • territorial integrity: occupies specific geographic territory
  • stable population: permanent residents
  • code of laws: common legal system
  • national sovereignty: independent and self-governing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

political games5

A
  • horse trading: bargaining
  • walkout: refusing to agree until opposition gives what they want
  • power struggle: outsmarting or overpowering opponent
  • demolition derby: complete destruction of opponent
  • civil disobedience: publicly disobeying what they consider an unjust law
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

democracy

A

citizens exercise supreme power, directly or through elected representatives (greece)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

republic

A

elected officials exercise supreme power from citizens (rome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

historical development of government8

A
  1. ) city-state (sumer)
  2. ) democracy (greece)
  3. )republic (rome)
  4. )representative democracy
  5. )feudalism(europe middle ages)
  6. )parliaments (england)
  7. ) monarchies
  8. ) constitutional democracy (USA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

feudalism:

A

landowners granted land to tenants in return for military assistance and other services (europe middle ages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

totalitarianism

A

authoritarian regime that seeks to control almost every aspect of its citizens’ lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

forms of totalitarianism3

A
  • communism: single party controls government and economy (joseph stalin/soviet union)
  • fascism businesses remain in private hands but under control(benito mussolini/italy)
  • nazism fascism with racial superiority(adolf hitler/germany)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pros and cons of monarchy5

A

pros:
-efficiency
-clear line of succession
-unifying power
cons:
-varying quality of leaders
-overwhelming job

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

theocracy

A

government headed by religions leaders (vatican city, iran)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

forms of government7

A
  • monarchy: 1 hereditary ruler
  • dictatorships:1 powerful leader
  • theocracy: few religious leaders
  • single-party state: political elite
  • direct democracy: all citizens
  • parliamentary democracy: legislative majority
  • presidential democracy: representatives of the people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

difference between presidential and parliamentary democracy

A

presidential: voters vote for legislature and president
parliamentary: voters vote for parliament who votes for prime minister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

systems of government3

A
  • unitary system: constitution concentrates power in central government
  • federal system: constitution divides power between national and regional governments
  • confederal system: constitution puts power in independent states
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

types of economies3

A
  • traditional: decision making by custom, people provide for themselves
  • market: decision making by individuals, buy and sell goods
  • command: decision making by government planners, government decides which goods to be produced and and what cost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pros and cons of market economies8

A 
pros:
-efficiency
-faster economic growth
-high quality goods/services
-high standards of living
cons:
-unemployment
-recessions
-income inequality
-economic insecurity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pros and cons of command economies8

A 
pros:
-full employment
-no recessions
-income equality
-economic security
cons:
-inefficiency
-slower economic growth
-low quality goods/service
-low standards of living
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

mixed economies

A

only type of economy existing today, combines market forces with elements of a command economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

power and authority of the government comes from__

A

the people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

goals on the nation from the preamble6

A
  • form a more perfect union (cooperation among states)
  • establish justice (fair laws)
  • ensure domestic tranquility (peace and order)
  • provide for the common defense (protect against enemies)
  • promote the general welfare (well-being of citizens)
  • secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity (freedom for all, then and in future)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

article I (2)

A
  • establishes legislative branch (main lawmaking body)

- states enumerated, implied, and denied powers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

implied powers

A

powers not specifically listed in constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

enumerated powers

A

powers stated in constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

congress can “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” /elastic clause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

habeas corpus

A

right of accused to be brought before a judge to hear the charges against them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

due process

A

no person can be deprived of life/liberty/property without fair legal procedures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

article II

A

establishes executive branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

article III

A

establishes judicial branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

jurisdiction

A

subject matter over which a court may exercise authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

separation of powers

A

dividing powers of government into three branches so that no single branch would become too powerful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

examples of checks and balences

A

legislative makes laws but executive must approve or veto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

powers of each branch6

A 
legislative:
-makes laws
-approves treaties
executive
-enforces laws
-commands military
judicial:
-interprets laws
-rules on cases between states
38
Q

why is there an amendment process

A

framers knew times would changes and country would need amendments. they made it hard so they wont have too many amendments and hasty decisions

39
Q

main amendment process2

A
  • proposed by 2/3 in both houses of congress

- ratified by 3/4 of states

40
Q

delegated powers

A

powers granted to national government (ex: declaring war)

41
Q

reserved powers

A

powers kept by the states (ex: establish public schools)

42
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers shared by federal and state governments (ex: taxation)

43
Q

sources judges use to interpret decisions5

A
  • exact wording of constitution
  • original intent of the framers
  • past decisions of the supreme court
  • practical consequences
  • moral or ethical values
44
Q

strict construction

A

literal reading of the constitution (conservative)

45
Q

loose construction

A

flexible reading of the constitution (liberal)

46
Q

marbury v. madison

A
  • IMPORTANCE: established judicial review: the power of the courts to declare laws and executive acts unconstitutional
  • when john adams was leaving office, he appointed more federalist judgeships to keep federalist influence. william marbury did not receive his commission because james madison (new sec of state) was instructed not to deliver it. supreme court ruled that marbury deserved his commission and madison should deliver it. But then, he declared that “forcing an official to doing something they were legally responsible to do” (what marbury based his argument on) was unconstitutional, siding against marbury.
47
Q

mcculloch v. maryland

A
  • IMPORTANCE: federal law trumps state law
  • the second bank of the US was made and many states including maryland wanted to tax its branches.The cashier of the Maryland branch, James McCulloch, refused to pay the tax. Supreme court favored mccolloch. no state has the power to tax the national bank or any other arm of the federal government
48
Q

freedoms of first amendment5

A
  • speech
  • press
  • religion
  • assembly
  • petition
49
Q

establishment clause

A

guarantees separation of church and state

50
Q

free exercise clause

A

all people are free to follow the religious practices of their choice

51
Q

libel

A

publishing false information about someone with intent to cause harm, exception to freedom of speech

52
Q

slander

A

orally spreading false information about someone with intent to cause harm, exception to freedom of speech

53
Q

2nd amendment and controversy2

A
  • 2nd amendment: right to bear arms
  • government has started to regulate buying/selling guns to prevent gang related shootings. people say it violates 2nd amendment
54
Q

third amendment and purpose2

A
  • 3rd amendment: prohibits quartering (citizens being forced to take solders into their homes)
  • purpose today: general guarantee for privacy and security of people’s homes
55
Q

fourth amendment and exceptions2

A
  • fourth amendment: prevents unreasonable search and seizures without a warrant
  • exceptions: police may search without a warrant if: criminal evidence against you or students and their possessions by school officials
56
Q

miranda rights

A

rights of the accused (right to remain silent)

57
Q

double jeopardy

A

no one who has been proven not guilty can be tried again for the same crime

58
Q

takings clause

A

government cannot take private property for use without just compensation

59
Q

sixth amendment2

A
  • protects rights of the accused

- criminal trials must be carried out quickly, publicly, and with fair jury

60
Q

seventh amendment

A

-trial by jury in most civil (not criminal) lawsuits

61
Q

eighth amendment2

A
  • protection from excessive bail (money for release from jail)
  • protection from excessive punishment, ex death penalty
62
Q

ninth amendment

A

protection for the unenumerated rights (rights not specifically listed in bill of rights)

63
Q

tenth amendment

A

limits powers of federal government to those granted under constitution, reserves powers for states and people

64
Q

benefits of federal system4

A
  • protects against tyranny of majority
  • promotes unity without imposing uniformity
  • creates laboratories for policy experiments
  • encourages political participation
65
Q

drawbacks of federal system2

A
  • inconsistency of laws state to state

- tension between state and federal officials

66
Q

plessy v. ferguson

A

black man (plessy) arrested for sitting in whites only rail car. plessy argued Jim Crow laws violated Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Court held that separate facilities for blacks and whites were legal as long as they were equal. (sided against plessy)

67
Q

brown v. board of education

A

black woman (brown)was prohibited to go to a white school. court decided “separate but equal schools” werent actually equal and led way to desegregation of schools

68
Q

liberalism

A

ideology favoring an active role for government in efforts to solve society’s problems

69
Q

conservatism

A

ideology favoring a limited role for government and more private initiative by nongovernmental groups in efforts to solve society’s problems

70
Q

how do electoral votes work2

A
  • candidate winning the popular vote in each state gets the electoral votes who vote for president.
  • president needs majority electoral votes to win
71
Q

battleground/swing states

A

states where the presidential vote is likely to be close; candidates often focus on these states in the hope of picking up key electoral votes

72
Q

electoral college controversy

A

undemocratic- some candidates win popular vote but not electoral college

73
Q

chambers of congress and #members2

A
  • House of representatives:435(to appease states with bigger population/land)
  • senate: 100 (to appease small states)
74
Q

qualifications for house/senate 3

A
  • residents of state they represent
  • house: 25 and citizen for 7 years
  • senate: 30 and citizen for 9 years
75
Q

leader of house of representatives

A

speaker of the house (paul ryan)

76
Q

steps turning a bill into a law6

A
  1. ) introduced to either house or senate
  2. ) sent to commitee for revision
  3. ) sent back to house/senate floor for vote (if pass one chamber, goes to the other house)
  4. ) house version and senate version get smushed into one
  5. ) house and senate vote on final version of bill
  6. ) president approves bill (becomes a law)
77
Q

how congress checks other branches6

A
  • oversight: oversees executive agencies an make sure they carry out laws
  • confirmation: must confirm key officials appointed to office by president
  • impeachment: impeach federal officials
  • ratification: ratify treaties negotiated by president
  • override: and override presidents veto
  • amendment: can propose amendment to constitution
78
Q

checking within congress

A

both houses must agree on a bill to become a law

79
Q

powers of congress5

A
  • levy and collect taxes
  • borrow money
  • regulate interstate and foreign commerce
  • coin money
  • declare war
80
Q

qualifications for president3

A
  • native born citizen
  • at least 35
  • lived in US for at least 14 years
81
Q

roles of president4

A
  • chief executive: head of federal bureaucracy (agencies and organizations that carry on the daily business of government)
  • chief of state: ceremonial leader of government
  • commander in chief:head of armed forces
  • chief diplomat:oversees foreign policy
82
Q

president checks other branches

A

vetos laws

83
Q

criminal law

A

the branch of law that regulates the conduct of individuals, defines crimes, and provides punishments for criminal acts

84
Q

civil law

A

the branch of law that concerns relationships between private parties

85
Q

defendent

A

the person or party in a criminal trial who is charged with committing a crime, or the person or party being sued in a civil case

86
Q

prosecution

A

the attorneys representing the government and the people in a criminal case

87
Q

how cases move up to supreme court4

A
  1. )district courts
  2. ) US courts of appeals
  3. )state supreme courts
  4. )united states supreme court
88
Q

original jurisdiction

A

court’s authority to hear a case for the first time, before it appears in any other court

89
Q

appellate jurisdiction

A

court’s authority to review decisions made in lower courts

90
Q

checking of judicial branch 2

A
  • declare treaties/executive acts unconstitutional

- declare laws unconstitutional

Social Studies (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions