8th grade ch 24: WW2 Flashcards
josef stalin2
- sole dictator of soviet union, turned soviet union into totalitarian state
- punished many peasants and rivals
totalitarian state
nation in which a single party controls the government and every aspect of people’s lives
benito mussolini3
- promised to restore prosperity and order through strong leadership
- turned italy into world’s first fascist state
- ended freedom of press, banned all political parties except his own
facism
political system based on militarism, extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty to the state and its leader
adolf hitler
- leader of national socialist, or Nazi party (form of fascism)
- created totalitarian state and passed anti jew laws
nazi beliefs3
- angry at loss of ww1
- germans were master race
- anti-semitism (anti-jewish)
militarism in japan2
- militarists said that japan needed more space and should take control of nearby countries
- said were superior to other asians and non asians
aggression
warlike act by one country against another without cause
japan attacks china3
- 1931: japanese army seized manchuria in china without approval from government
- league of nations protested but did nothing
- treated chinese brutally
italy invades ethiopia2
- 1935: mussolini invades ethiopia
- league of nations barely helped
hitlers actions3
- threatened to invade czechoslovakia (france and brit wanted to appease him)
- was allowed to occupy part of czechoslovakia, responded by saying that he would seek no more land
- later, occupied rest of czechoslovakia
neutrality act
1935: forbade US president from selling arms, making loans, or giving any other kind of assistance to any nation involved in war to keep US at peace
good neighbor policy
franklin roosevelt: withdrew american troops from Nicaragua and haiti and canceled limited independence from cuba
invasion of poland4
- 1939: hitler and stalin (enemies) signed nonaggression agreement in nazi-soviet pact (secretly agreeing to divide up poland)
- sept 1: nazi troops invaded poland, soviet union seized east poland and finland
- brit and france declared war on germany (start of ww2)
- hitler then moved to seize denmark, norway, luxembourg, and belgium
fall of france
germans forced french to retreat to french port on english cannel, france surrendered june 22, 1940
winston churchill
british prime minister expressed confidence against hitler
battle of britain2
- hitler ordered air assault on britain
- british air force fought back until hitler gave up
invasion of soviet union3
- june 22, 1941: hitler broke pact with stalin
- crossed to soviet union who was now fighting against germans
- stalin and churchill tried to work together although not friends
lend-lease act
allowed US to lend or lease supplies to britain and other nations fighting the Nazis
military buildup3
- spent more on army and navy
- first peacetime draft
- first black air corps under command of black officers
atlantic charter3
- 1941: between roosevelt and churchill
- agreed their nations would seek to territorial gain from war
- called for new league of nations
lead up to pearl harbor3
- japan invaded french colony of indochina
- roosevelt banned exports of iron and steel to japan
- made japan angry at US
pearl harbor2
- dec 7, 1941: japanese bombs attacked american naval, air, and ground forces at pearl harbor in oahu, Hawaii
- US declared war on japan, germany and italy declared war on US
axis powers
germany italy japan
allied powers
britain france soviet union china US
total war
conflict involving not just armies but entire nations
tide turning battles4
- sovets halt germans advance into moscow
- soviet victory at stalingrad
- brit and US defeat germany in north africa
philippines fall
- japan bombed philippines right after pearl harbor
- two weeks later, japanese invaded philippines
- filipino-american force fought back but surrendered
douglas macarthur
commander of filipino-america force
dwight d eiserhower
comander of US force in north africa
bataan death march
american and filipino prisoners after surrender at bataan, had to walk to prison camp and many died
battle of coral sea3
- US vs Japan
- new technique: attack without seeing opposing ships
- US won
battle of midway3
- US vs Japan
- US won
- made japan no longer rule the pacific
war production board3
- supervised change from production of consumer to military goods
- decreased unemployment
- ended great depression
rationing
setting limits on the amount of scarce goods people can buy
paying for the war3
- war bonds
- rationing
- victory gardens
women in industry3
- took over jobs of men who went to war
- given better pay and working conditions
- new confidence
intern
temporarily imprison
executive order 9066
intern japanese americans for the duration of the war
african americans2
- National association of colored graduate nurses protested against racial policy of armed forces
- discrimination in workplace and businesses
a philip randolph3
- threatened a mass protest unless roosevelt ended discrimination in the armed forces
- roosevelt then ordered employers to support racial hiring
- set up fair employment practices committee to investigate charges of discrimination
braceros
mexican laborers
zoot suit riots
riots for racism against mexican americans
italy surrender2
- 1943: US and brit fought north up italian peninsula
- mussolini was dismissed, new government surrendered
d-day4
- june 6, 1944: US, brit, and canada troops landed at 5 beaches in normandy (west france)
- 4 of the beaches defeated germans quickly
- omaha beach: lots of allies died
- still, allies were able to enter paris and take from germans
battle of bulge2
- germans attacked US in belgium
- bad weather allowed germans to create bulge in US lines
- germans were close to breaking US lines but US held out and won
germany invaded2
- jan 1945: soviets enter germany from east and west allies entered from the west
- roosevelt then died from stroke, replaced by harry s truman
victory in europe3
- germany collapsing, assault on berlin
- hitler commits suiside
- may 8: V-E Day, Victory in Europe: german surrender
island hopping4
- american forces capture some japanese-held islands and go around others
- US on Guadalcanal: fought hunger and disease until they controlled the island
- navajo used own language to radio messages from island to island
- used island hopping to take back the philippines
kamikaze missions2
- suicide pilots crashed their planes into american ships
- japanese would rather die than be captured
atomic bomb end of war3
- truman decided to use atomic bomb rather than invade to save american casualties
- aug 6-9: killed many people in hiroshima and nagasaki
- aug 14, 1945: V-J Day- japanese surrender, end of ww2
genocide
deliberate attempt to wipe out an entire nation or group of people
war crimes
wartime act of cruelty and brutality that are judged to be beyond the accepted rules of war
