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Social Studies > 7th Grade Ch 2- European exploration in Americas > Flashcards

7th Grade Ch 2- European exploration in Americas Flashcards

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1
Q

vikings

A

seagoing people who lived in Scandinavia and settled in Newfoundland. Did not survive in America

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2
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

explorer from Italy who sailed for Spain to try and get to Asia by sailing west in 1492

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3
Q

Explain story of Columbus

A
  • born in Italy
  • moved to portugal
  • tried to sail for portugal but was turned down
  • sailed for spain
  • first voyage- 1492 nina, pinta, santa maria to cuba which was thought to be japan, set up hispanola after santa maria wrecked
  • second voyage- 17 ships, hispanola men killed, 12 of 17 ships went back with riches
  • third voyage-6 ships, got arrested for poor leadership but soon got released
  • fourth voyage-4 ships, banned from Hispanola, got stranded for almost a year
  • died thinking he reached asia
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4
Q

Vasco nunez de Balboa

A

first European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510

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5
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

tried to find strait in 1519, sailed around South America and through pacific ocean, killed in philippines, rest of men circumnavigated the globe

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6
Q

strait

A

narrow passage that connects two large bodies of water

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7
Q

circumnavigate

A

travel around

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8
Q

columbian exchange

A

transfer of people, products, and ideas between east and west hemispheres
positive-new food, resources, ideas, animals
negative-diseases

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9
Q

how did search for water route affect europe and america

A

brought them closer together, new ideas though columbian exchange, diseases, trading, land, wealth

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10
Q

what are some dangers that happened at sea

A

sea monster stories
getting lost
starvation
piracy

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11
Q

conquistadors

A

soldier-adventurers from spain who conquered the new world

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12
Q

Amerigo vespucci

A

found out that America was not asia, a mapmaker turned his name into america

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13
Q

hernando cortes

A

conquistador in 1519 who marched straight into tenochtitlan and joined with conquered tribes to take down aztecs by capturing moctezuma, at first didn’t succeed but then recaptured it and built mexico city there in the colony of new spain

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14
Q

moctezuma

A

aztec leader who offered cortes gold to get him to go away but ended up getting taken hostage

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15
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

conquistador who in marched into the heart of inca empire and took ruler atahualpa prisoner. incas paid big ransom for their leader but pizarro killed him anyway. 1533-conquered incas and captured cuzco

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16
Q

list the things that helped the spanish defeat the indians

A
  • technology in weaponry
  • horses
  • native americans already weak from civil wars
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17
Q

Juan Ponce de Leon

A

1513- founded la florida because of flowers, first spaniard to set foot in u.s.

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18
Q

alvar nunez cabeza de vaca

A

fought native americans in america, got enslaved by indians, escaped after six years and had to find was back to mexico city

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19
Q

Francisco coronado

A

conquistador set out to find golden city, explored much of new mexico, arizona, texas, kansas

20
Q

hernando de soto

A

explored much out southeast, found mississippi river, died in louisiana in 1542

21
Q

plantation

A

large farm worked by laborers who lived on the property

22
Q

encomiendas

A

land grants that included the right to demand labor of taxes from native americans by spanish government

23
Q

Bartoloe de las casas

A

priest, traveled through new spain wanting the encomienda system to stop

24
Q

mission

A

religious settlement

25
Q

list spanish social classes

A

peninsulares-spanish colonists born in spain
creoles- spanish colonists born in new spain
mestizos-spanish and indian parents
mulattos- spanish and african parents
natives and slaves

26
Q

how did spain establish an empire in the americas

A

they had conquistadors wipe out the natives and then set up plantations with slaves working there. if you couldn’t afford plantation, you got an encomienda, land grant

27
Q

how was church of england established

A

time of catholics and protestants
henry VIII was married to catherine of aragon. when they did not give birth to a son, henry wanted to get a diverse but the pope refused to henry established the church of england

28
Q

what are the religious tensions created by the reformation

A
  • wars with sifting alliances
  • unwilling to trade with europe, now had to trade with asia (try to find other routes)
  • wanted to establish colonies in asia to get rich
29
Q

mercantilism

A

colonies existed to make the home country wealthy

30
Q

spanish armada

A

king henry’s granddaughter wanted to restore the catholic church but when she died, a protestant took throne. rivalry came back between spain(catholic) and england(prtestant)
1588-slain sent 130 warships to force elizabeth from throne but english ships conquered even though they were smaller, changed balance in power. now england and france were leading sea nations instead of spain

31
Q

john cabot

A

italian explorer who sailed for england to search for a more northern route to asia

32
Q

northwest passage

A

sea route from the atlantic to pacific that passes though or around north america

33
Q

henry hudson

A

searched for northwest passage, two trips for england, third for dutch where he traveled up hudson river and explored new york, fourth with england where he died in hudson bay

34
Q

how did conflicts in europe spur exploration in north america

A

religious conflicts made the power of the sea shift from spain to england and france so they took advantage and started exploring more

35
Q

samuel de champlain

A

french, traveled along st lawrence river, established quebec

36
Q

how did the french interact with the natives

A

they traded their goods for the furs of the indians to sell in europe instead of conquering them

37
Q

runner of the woods

A

coureurs de bois, independent traders who lived among the indians

38
Q

why did the french begin to farm

A
  • the fur market in europe was going down
  • constant indian civil wars
  • growing new france population
39
Q

jacques marquette

A

french missionary who explored with louis joliet around the great lakes and to the mississippi river and to the gulf, not knowing that it was connected to the pacific, provided french with water route in to heart of north america

40
Q

why did the dutch established settlements around hudson river

A

trade was so profitable so they established new nether land (capitol-new amsterdam), english capture their settlement and named it new york

41
Q

alliance

A

agreement between parties that benefits both

42
Q

why did the europeans want the native americans land

A

their value with the europeans lessened after fur was gone and so their land was what the europeans were looking at

43
Q

what impact did the establishment of french and dutch colonies have in natives

A

good: treated them better, traded with them at first
bad: eventually weren’t that interested in them and just wanted their land

44
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

discovered st lawrence river and montreal

45
Q

la salle

A

claimed louisiana for france, explored gulf of mexico

Social Studies (19 decks)

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