7th Grade Ch 2- European exploration in Americas Flashcards
vikings
seagoing people who lived in Scandinavia and settled in Newfoundland. Did not survive in America
Christopher Columbus
explorer from Italy who sailed for Spain to try and get to Asia by sailing west in 1492
Explain story of Columbus
- born in Italy
- moved to portugal
- tried to sail for portugal but was turned down
- sailed for spain
- first voyage- 1492 nina, pinta, santa maria to cuba which was thought to be japan, set up hispanola after santa maria wrecked
- second voyage- 17 ships, hispanola men killed, 12 of 17 ships went back with riches
- third voyage-6 ships, got arrested for poor leadership but soon got released
- fourth voyage-4 ships, banned from Hispanola, got stranded for almost a year
- died thinking he reached asia
Vasco nunez de Balboa
first European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510
Ferdinand Magellan
tried to find strait in 1519, sailed around South America and through pacific ocean, killed in philippines, rest of men circumnavigated the globe
strait
narrow passage that connects two large bodies of water
circumnavigate
travel around
columbian exchange
transfer of people, products, and ideas between east and west hemispheres
positive-new food, resources, ideas, animals
negative-diseases
how did search for water route affect europe and america
brought them closer together, new ideas though columbian exchange, diseases, trading, land, wealth
what are some dangers that happened at sea
sea monster stories
getting lost
starvation
piracy
conquistadors
soldier-adventurers from spain who conquered the new world
Amerigo vespucci
found out that America was not asia, a mapmaker turned his name into america
hernando cortes
conquistador in 1519 who marched straight into tenochtitlan and joined with conquered tribes to take down aztecs by capturing moctezuma, at first didn’t succeed but then recaptured it and built mexico city there in the colony of new spain
moctezuma
aztec leader who offered cortes gold to get him to go away but ended up getting taken hostage
Francisco Pizarro
conquistador who in marched into the heart of inca empire and took ruler atahualpa prisoner. incas paid big ransom for their leader but pizarro killed him anyway. 1533-conquered incas and captured cuzco
list the things that helped the spanish defeat the indians
- technology in weaponry
- horses
- native americans already weak from civil wars
Juan Ponce de Leon
1513- founded la florida because of flowers, first spaniard to set foot in u.s.
alvar nunez cabeza de vaca
fought native americans in america, got enslaved by indians, escaped after six years and had to find was back to mexico city
Francisco coronado
conquistador set out to find golden city, explored much of new mexico, arizona, texas, kansas
hernando de soto
explored much out southeast, found mississippi river, died in louisiana in 1542
plantation
large farm worked by laborers who lived on the property
encomiendas
land grants that included the right to demand labor of taxes from native americans by spanish government
Bartoloe de las casas
priest, traveled through new spain wanting the encomienda system to stop
mission
religious settlement
list spanish social classes
peninsulares-spanish colonists born in spain
creoles- spanish colonists born in new spain
mestizos-spanish and indian parents
mulattos- spanish and african parents
natives and slaves
how did spain establish an empire in the americas
they had conquistadors wipe out the natives and then set up plantations with slaves working there. if you couldn’t afford plantation, you got an encomienda, land grant
how was church of england established
time of catholics and protestants
henry VIII was married to catherine of aragon. when they did not give birth to a son, henry wanted to get a diverse but the pope refused to henry established the church of england
what are the religious tensions created by the reformation
- wars with sifting alliances
- unwilling to trade with europe, now had to trade with asia (try to find other routes)
- wanted to establish colonies in asia to get rich
mercantilism
colonies existed to make the home country wealthy
spanish armada
king henry’s granddaughter wanted to restore the catholic church but when she died, a protestant took throne. rivalry came back between spain(catholic) and england(prtestant)
1588-slain sent 130 warships to force elizabeth from throne but english ships conquered even though they were smaller, changed balance in power. now england and france were leading sea nations instead of spain
john cabot
italian explorer who sailed for england to search for a more northern route to asia
northwest passage
sea route from the atlantic to pacific that passes though or around north america
henry hudson
searched for northwest passage, two trips for england, third for dutch where he traveled up hudson river and explored new york, fourth with england where he died in hudson bay
how did conflicts in europe spur exploration in north america
religious conflicts made the power of the sea shift from spain to england and france so they took advantage and started exploring more
samuel de champlain
french, traveled along st lawrence river, established quebec
how did the french interact with the natives
they traded their goods for the furs of the indians to sell in europe instead of conquering them
runner of the woods
coureurs de bois, independent traders who lived among the indians
why did the french begin to farm
- the fur market in europe was going down
- constant indian civil wars
- growing new france population
jacques marquette
french missionary who explored with louis joliet around the great lakes and to the mississippi river and to the gulf, not knowing that it was connected to the pacific, provided french with water route in to heart of north america
why did the dutch established settlements around hudson river
trade was so profitable so they established new nether land (capitol-new amsterdam), english capture their settlement and named it new york
alliance
agreement between parties that benefits both
why did the europeans want the native americans land
their value with the europeans lessened after fur was gone and so their land was what the europeans were looking at
what impact did the establishment of french and dutch colonies have in natives
good: treated them better, traded with them at first
bad: eventually weren’t that interested in them and just wanted their land
Jacques Cartier
discovered st lawrence river and montreal
la salle
claimed louisiana for france, explored gulf of mexico
