8th grade ch 21-WW1 Flashcards
imperialism
european nations competed for trade and territory in africa, asia, and the pacific
militarism2
- glorification of the military
- caused because nations wanted self-protection
nationalsim
pride in one’s nation or ethnic group, boosted tensions
balkans and serbians2
- wanted to break free from austria-hungary, russia encouraged them
- compared to a powder keg, could easily provoke war
start of war
- june 28, 1914: serbains assassinated heir to austro-hungarian throne
- next day: A-H declared war on serbia
Allies
britian, france, and russia
central powers
germany, A-H, ottoman empire
first battle of the marne3
- german forces came within 30mi of paris
- french and british troops halted german advance at western front
- became a stalemate
western front2
- where french and british troops halted german advance near paris
- trench warfare
stalemate
deadlock
trench warfare
soldiers fire on one another from opposing lines of dugout trenches
no mans land
unoccupied territory between the lines
new technology
airplanes, tanks, machine guns, heavy artillery, poison gas
american thoughts4
- us pres woodrow wilson wanted to keep us out of the war
- german and irish americans supported central powers
- slavic and italian americans supported allies
- britain used propaganda to win US support
propaganda
spread of info designed to win support for a cause
US helps allies3
- most american trade and loans was with the Allies
- britain made blockade around german ports
- us made britain buy more american cotton to make up for lost sales to germany
german navy3
- germany’s navy was not big enough to enforce a blockade on britain and france
- germans had large supply of u-boats, submarines
- Feb 1915: germany announced it would use u-boats to blockade britain
the lusitania3
- british passenger liner, sank from a uboat,
- lots of brit and US deaths, made US angry
- germany feared that more attacks would make US declare war, so said u-boats would stop targeting passenger liners
zimmermann telegram3
-feb 24 1916: britain intercepted german telegram that proposed that mexico join war on
geman side
-then, u-boats sank 3 more american ships
-made america think about war
russian revolution 4
- march 1917: military defeats and food shortages led to uprising in russia
- tsar nicholas II (monarch of russia, bad) was overthrown
- new government kept russia in war
- made it easier to for us to enter the war, joining with allies would not be siding with a tyrant
declaring war
april 2 1917: wilson asked congress to declare war on central powers
mobilize
prepare for war
selective service act
required all young men between 21-30 to register for the draft
progressive era
time when women were really into volunteering
womens peace party
1915, founded by jane addams, against war, spoke for peace
jeannette rankin
first woman elected to congress
carrie chapman catt
urged women to support the war effort
blacks in army3
- faced discrimination in the military, placed in all black units
- did noncombat duties (working in kitchens)
- some fought under french command
illiterate
unable to read or write
herbert hoover3
- head of new US food administration
- assured adequate food supplies for civilians and troops
- to conserve food: wheatless mondays and meatless tuesdays
War industries board2
- oversees the shift to war production
- told industries what to produce, charge and how to use scarce resources
committee on public information
- propaganda tool
- the four minute men
- encouraged people to buy liberty bonds to help finance the war
Four minute men
delivered brief patriotic speeches and made pro war posters
espionage act of 1917 and sedition act of 1918
authorities closed newspapers and jailed people who expressed anti war views
eugene v debs
presidential candidate for socialist party, jailed for giving anti war speeches
american protective league
encouraged people to spy on their neighbors, opened mail, tapped phones, pried into medical records
convoy
large group of merchant vessels sailing together
john j pershing4
- commanded the american expeditionary force
- insisted that soldiers fight in separate units under U.S. command
- when they arrived in europe, not ready for combat
- first division symbolized american commitment to fight
vladimir lenin
leader of bolsheviks, wanted to make russia communist
bolsheviks
radical faction that seized the russian government
communism
economic and political system based on the idea that social classes and the right to private property should be eliminated
treaty of Brest-Litovsk
russia+germany: pulled russia our of war, setback for allies
second battle of marne:
germans had to retreat again after striking, tide turns
battle of the argonne forest3
- germany was losing will to fight
- sept 1918: allies pushed towards german lines
- allies won
armistice
halt in fighting that allows peace talks to begin
war ends3
- november 11, 1918
- france and britain want harsh punishment for germany
- german monarch flees, germany becomes a republic
fourteen points plan6
- made by pres wilson
- pts 1-5:factors that led to war
- pts6-13:territorial issues
- pt 14: set up association of nations for peace
- big hit in peace conference
- peace without victory
self determination
right of a group to decide its own form of government
big four2
- US, France, Britain, and Italy
- F, B, and I wanted to punish Germany more than US did
treaty of versailles4
- took away territory on german borders
- forced germany to accept full responsibility for war and had to pay for reparations
- called for leagye of nations to settle future disputes peacefully
- Wilson thought it was too harsh, but went along
henry cabot lodge2
- republican, opposed treaty of versailles
- didn’t want us to join league of nations
wilsons last battle4
- wilson went on national tour to raise support for his position
- oct 2: suffered from stroke and paralyzed
- continued to reject all compromise on the treaty
- nov 1919: senate voted to reject the treaty
bad things after the war3
- influenza
- labor unrest (workers on strike)
- red scare
red scare2
- fear of communist revolution
- many americans feared all communists/reds were behind the labor unrest
deported
returned to their home countries
palmer raids
general A Mitchell Palmer ordered immigrants suspected with radical views to be deported
timeline ww1–>9
- serbian nationalist assassinated (war starts, US-neutral)
- lusitania (made US mad)
- zimmerman telegram(made US more mad)
- russian revolution (US so mad, enters war)
- treaty of brest-liovsk (russia out of war, bad for allies)
- 2nd battle of marne/battle of argonne forest (turning point)
- armistice(war ends, allies win)
- treaty of versailles (not so harsh punishment)
- influenza/labor unrest/red scare (still hardship in US)
