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Social Studies > 8th grade ch 23- the great depression > Flashcards

8th grade ch 23- the great depression Flashcards

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1
Q

signs of weakness in the 20s (3)

A
  • older industries (mining, railroads, clothing manufacturing) were in decline
  • agriculture was suffering
  • lots of margin buyers (gambling) in stocks
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2
Q

stock market peak and decline5

A
  • peak: sept. 1929
  • decline: oct 3, 1929
  • brokers who bought on money asked for their loans
  • investors who couldn’t pay loans had to sell stocks (caused prices to drop more)
  • oct 29, 1929: black tuesday: stock market crumbled (marked start of great depression)
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3
Q

overproduction2

A
  • situation in which the supply of manufactured goods exceeds the demand
  • affected housing, automobiles, and goods
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4
Q

crisis in banking2

A
  • banks that loaned farmers money went out of business when farms failed
  • many people rushed to bank to withdraw their savings after market crashed
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5
Q

depression cycle 5

A
  1. ) stock market crashed (people lose money)
  2. ) people unable to buy what factories are producing, factory workers lose their jobs
  3. ) unemployed have less money to buy goods
  4. ) declining sales lead to more closings and layoffs
  5. ) go back to #2
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6
Q

bankruptcy

A

financial failure caused by a company’s inability to pay its debts

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7
Q

influence to world3

A
  • after ww1, european nations owed US lots of money
  • depression slowed down international trade, which caused countries to be unable to pay loans
  • investors cut back on loans to europe, causing europe to begin a depression
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8
Q

default

A

fail to repay their loans

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9
Q

show of poverty4

A
  • soup kitchens
  • sell apples or pencils
  • hop freight trains to move (hobos)
  • homeless communities: hoovervilles
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10
Q

impact on families4

A
  • fathers had to leave or abandon families to find work
  • fewer people got married, fewer people had babies
  • children had more health problems
  • most children stopped attending school
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11
Q

government aid4

A
  • hoover’s advisers thought to do nothing, hoover disagreed
  • hoover told states to make public projects and soup kitchens to help the jobless
  • formed the reconstruction finance corporation to fund businesses like banks, insurance com, and railroads
  • situation continued to worsen
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12
Q

bonus

A

extra payment

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13
Q

bonus army3

A
  • veterans of ww1 who marched to washington to demand their payment of 1000 for fighting in ww1
  • government used violence to clear them out, killing and injuring the people
  • americans were outraged by this incident
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14
Q

franklin d roosevelt2

A
  • democrat, ran against hoover in 1932

- pledged “a new deal” for the americans

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15
Q

bank holiday4

A
  • first day in office, fdr declared a bank holiday to halt the nationwide bank failures
  • proposed an emergency banking relief act, which provided more careful government regulation of banks
  • delivered the first fireside chat (radio talk) that encouraged people to go put their money back in the banks
  • the next day, the banks reopened and people redeposited their savings
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16
Q

goals of the new deal3

A
  • relief for the jobless
  • economic recovery
  • reforms to prevent future depressions
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17
Q

federal emergency relief administration

A

granted funds to states so they could reopen shuttered relief industries

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18
Q

programs to provide jobs2

A
  • civilian conservation corps (ccc): hired city dwellers to work in american’s national wilderness
  • works progress administration (wpa): put people to work building or repairing public buildings like schools or post offices
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19
Q

national recovery administration2

A
  • kept prices stable while boosting employment and buying power
  • succeeded in raising prices but failed to improve the economy
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20
Q

public works administration

A

-granted money to build public works projects like tunnels and dams

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21
Q

tennessee valley authority

A

-built giant dams along the tennessee river to control flooding, provide electricity, and increase jobs

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22
Q

preventing future depressions3

A
  • truth-in-securities act; required corporations to inform the public about their stocks
  • federal deposit insurance corporation: protected bank depositors
  • federal power commission: helped control the oil and fas industries
23
Q

supreme court opposes2

A
  • declared several new deal measures to be unconstitutional

- president tried to replace the justices with more liberal ones

24
Q

new deal critics

A
  • conservatives thought new deal went too far in regulating businesses and restricting individual freedom
  • liberals thought it did not go far enough in helping the poor
25
Q

huey long

A
  • argued that the government could end the depression immediately
  • wanted to tax the wealthy and distribute the money to the poor
26
Q

francis townsend

A

called for a system of government pensions (retirement payments)

27
Q

charles coughlin

A

used the radio to call to the government to take over the banks

28
Q

women in workplace3

A
  • salesclerks and secretaries: little competition, less likely to lose job
  • teachers or librarians: higher competition
  • factory, maids, housekeepers: more likely to lose job or have wages cut
29
Q

eleanor roosevelt2

A
  • spoke and traveled on FDR’s behalf

- campaigned for women’s rights

30
Q

blacks in depression2

A
  • black sharecroppers lost their land

- couldn’t find work in north or south

31
Q

civil rights

A

rights guaranteed in the constitution, especially voting and equal treatment under the law

32
Q

mary mcleod bethune

A

member of the black cabinet, who advised the president on black issues

33
Q

marian anderson2

A
  • black singer who was denied allowance to sing at the Daughters of American Revolution hall
  • eleanor roosevelt allowed her to sing at the lincoln memorial
34
Q

migrant workers

A

people who travel from farm to farm picking crops

35
Q

mexicans in depression

A

more whites were becoming migrant workers and so the government deported thousands of mexicans

36
Q

john collier

A

commissioner of indian affairs who led the Indian New Deal

37
Q

native americans in depression3

A
  • law in 1924 granted natives citizenship
  • indian new deal wanted to help natives find work and protect their land
  • Indian Reorganization Act of 1934: restricted tribal land sales (good) but couldn’t bring self-government
38
Q

one cause of dust bowl2

A
  • new farming equipment removed the sod from the land which kept the soil in place
  • when rains failed, the soil blew away
39
Q

black blizzards

A

dust storms that were very thick and dark

40
Q

effect of dust bowl2

A
  • caused many okies to move west to california

- unable to buy land, had to compete with local workers to pick crops at low wages

41
Q

john steinbeck

A

wrote the grapes of wrath that told about the harsh life during the depression

42
Q

arts of the depression3

A
  • photographers and painters used the depression as a theme for their art
  • movies were meant to help people forget about their problems
  • radio was used for FDR’s fireside chats, music, comedy, and soap operas
43
Q

social security act3

A
  • old age insurance: gave retired people a pension funded by a payroll tax
  • aid to dependent children: helped kids whose fathers were unable to support their family
  • did not benefit many african americans, migrant workers, and poor rural whites
44
Q

payroll tax

A

tac that removes money directly from workers’ paychecks

45
Q

frances perkins

A

first woman to serve in the cabinet who backed major labor reforms and drafted the social security act

46
Q

wagner act2

A
  • guaranteed workers’ rights to organize into unions and prohibited unfair business practices, such as firing union members
  • upheld collective bargaining and helped rise union membership
47
Q

collective bargaining

A

right of a union to negotiate wages and benefits for all of its members

48
Q

fair labor standards act3

A
  • set minimum wages
  • established time-and-a-half payment for overtime work
  • ended child labor in some businesses
49
Q

john l lewis

A

head of the united mine workers, formed the congress of industrial organization

50
Q

congress of industrial organization3

A
  • umbrella organization consisted of many other unions
  • combined all the workers in a particular industry (skilled and nonskilled), unlike the american federation of labor
  • opened up union membership to more women and blacks
51
Q

sit down strike

A

workers stay in the factory but stop production

52
Q

arguments against new deal4

A
  • gave too much power to federal government
  • threaten individual freedom and free enterprise
  • worried about increase in nation’s debt
  • failed to end great depression
53
Q

deficit spending

A

situation in which the government spends more money than it recieves in taxes

54
Q

supports for new deal5

A
  • employed millions of jobless
  • ended banking crisis
  • reformed stock market
  • improved working conditions
  • restored faith in government

Social Studies (19 decks)

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