Ch 6+7- Ancient Greece Flashcards
What was hard about Greece’s geography?
There were lots of mountains–> hard to farm, made cities more spread out and traded more
What is Greece mostly made up of?
Peninsulas- areas of land surrounded by water on 3 sides
Who we’re the Minoans?
One of the first ancient civilizations in Greece. Had a broad sea trade network, vibrant culture, and write on clay tablets
Who were the Mycenaeans?
Overthrew the Minoans, focus the cultures on the mainland, traded a lot, spoke early form of Greek, wrote on tablets
What was the Trojan War?
A war between the Trojans and Greeks when the Greeks hid in a horse to defeat the Trojans
What were epics?
Long storytelling poems like the Illiad and the Odessey by homer
What were the Dark Ages?
A period after the Trojan War that the. Greeks stopped writing and people spread out and builder acropolis-cities on hill
What is a city state?
A city with its independent government and laws
What are aristocrats?
Members of rich and powerful families that originally ruled the city states
What are tyrants?
Rulers that later ruled the city states by taking over by force. They were not always cruel and mean.
What is democracy?
A form of government when the citizens govern themselves. This was particularly expressed in Athens
What was the golden age of Athens?
A period where Athens grew rich because of tributes, or payments made to Athens by allies, and made important achievements in the arts, philosophy, and literature
Who was Pericles?
The Athenian leader at the time of the Golden Age who constructed the Parthenon
Who were the Olympians?
The 12 major gods and goddesses of Greece who were immortal, or living forever
What were oracles?
Sacred sites where the gods spoke (shrines)
Who were philosophers?
People who believed the gods didn’t control nature and natural events
Who was Socrates?
A philosopher who talked about the true meanings of justice and courage. He was forced to kill himself because people accused him of dishonoring the gods
Who was Plato?
Socrates student, another philosopher who founded a school in Athens to teach about not trusting democracy
Who was Aristotle?
Student of Plato, philosopher who believed that reason was the pursuit of knowledge.
What where the three types of ancient Greek columns?
Doric- simplest
Ionic- forms kinda like an I at the top
Corinthian- most complex
What is the pediment in a temple?
The top part
What was the frieze in the temple?
The engravings of pictures in the pediment
What was the goal of Greek art?
To honor the gods?
What were temples based off of?
The golden rectangle
What were tragedy plays?
Plays that usually end in disaster and death
What was a comedy play?
Plays that make jokes about the current events of the time
What was the role of the chorus in plays?
To give background information, comment on the events, or praise the gods
What were Agoras?
Social marketplaces in Greek cities where men would meet to discus politics or to buy goods
Who were vendors?
Sellers of goods in the Agoras
What were in the Agoras?
Temples and government buildings that were built in the classical style
What were Athenian women doing?
Housework, or low paying jobs
What is slavery?
The condition of being owned by another person
What was ethical objection?
The belief that owning a slave of your own race was not right
Where would slaves work in Athens?
In farms or in mines
How do Spartans compare to Athenians?
Spartans- aggressive, warriors
Athenians- calmer, artists
Who were the helots?
Spartan slaves
Who were the spartan men?
Warriors, trained for battle at an early age, disciplined
Who were the spartan women?
Viewed as strong people, got many more rights then Athenian women,could own a business
What was the battle at Marathon?
A battle with Athens against Persia where Athens won and somebody ran 25 miles and then died. That’s where we get the marathon race from
Who was Persia?
Wanted to take over Greece, served as a common enemy for greeks
What was the Diocletian league?
A league where Athens got control of all the money in Greece and bossed all the city states around
What was the Peloponnesian war?
When Sparta fought Athens and own, mostly because a plague, or widespread disease broke out, killing all the Athenians. After Athens lost they weren’t on top ever again
Who was king Phillip?
A king of Macedonia who wanted to be Greek. He formed alliances with many Greek city states and then captured every city state in Greece. Although, he treated his people fairly, he was later assassinated.
Who was Alexander the Great?
The son of Phillip who expanded the Greek empire through Persia, Egypt, Babylon, etc. he formed cities in each place and named them after himself. He later died in babylon from a fever.
What was the Hellenistic period?
Greek history after Alexander’s death where the kingdoms he controlled split into three. Many Greek people spread out into the other parts like persia but everyone still followed the Greek culture
Who were some great scientists of Ancient Greece?
Euclid-developed geometry
Eratosthenes-developed circumference
Archimedes-developed pulleys and levers
