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Social Studies > 7th Grade Ch 1- Roots of the American People > Flashcards

7th Grade Ch 1- Roots of the American People Flashcards

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1
Q

what are glaciers

A

thick sheets of ice

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2
Q

what is the land bridge theory

A

areas between now alaska and siberia which were once covered by ice melted and became land. people from siberia walked across and into america

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3
Q

what is the costal route theory

A

the first people crossed from siberia to alaska by boat

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4
Q

why did the first people had to change the way they got food

A

they were first hunter-gatherers but once they hunted all the animals and gathered all the berries and stuff they became deprived so they learned how to farm

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5
Q

what is irrigation

A

method to water crops by channeling water from rivers

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6
Q

what was the purpose of irrigation

A

to be able of farming in dry regions with no water because you could just get it from somewhere else

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7
Q

what is a surplus

A

extra

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8
Q

how did the first people get a surplus and what did they do with it

A

they could grow more food by farming so thats how they got a surplus. because they didn’t have to move around and they had extra food, not everybody had to worry about food so people started to think about government and religion. communities grew into cities

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9
Q

what is a civilization

A

an advanced culture in which people have developed cities, science, and industries

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10
Q

who are the mayas

A
  • a civilization who thrived between 250-900
  • lived in mexico and central america
  • accomplishments: architecture, arts, government, language, accurate calendar, languages
  • abandoned cities in 900, reason unknown, possible reasons: disease, overpopulation
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11
Q

who are the aztecs

A
  • a civilization who thrived between 900-1400s
  • lived in mexico (capital, tenochtitlan was in present day mexico city)
  • accomplishments: roadways, terraces to grow crops, temples
  • 1400- started conquering lots of other civilizations and were harsh to them: made them give treasure, food, high taxes
  • later 1400s- conquered civilizations team up with europeans and rebel and take down aztecs
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12
Q

who are the incas

A
  • civilization who thrived in 1400
  • lived in south america along andes (capital was cuzco)
  • accomplishments: architecture, engineering, metalwork, weaving
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13
Q

what is culture

A

way of life

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14
Q

who were the mound builders

A
  • civilization who thrived 1000 bc-1400 ad
  • people who settled between the appalachian mts and the mississippi valley
  • built mounds out of dirt for burial places, public buildings
  • groups: mississippians- built first cities in north america (capital- cahokia in il- had over 40000 people)
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15
Q

who were the anasazi

A
  • civilization who thrived 1000bc-1300ad
  • lived in utah, colorado, arizona, new mexico
  • accomplishments: built cliff dwellings in communities of 1000 people, basket making, pottery, jewelry, trade
  • abandoned cities in 1300
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16
Q

who were the hohokam

A
  • civilization who thrived between 300bc-1450ad
  • lived in present day arizona
  • accomplishments: irrigation canals, trade (trade seashells-their money)
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17
Q

what is a cultural area

A

region in which groups of people have a similar way of life

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18
Q

what did people in cultural areas share

A

ways to get food (hunt, fish, gather, farm), houses, trade (seashells were currency), religion, oral traditions

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19
Q

what was in the far north

A
  • in alaska, canada
  • tribes: kutchin, inuit
  • covered in ice
  • ate fish, birds, whales, walrus
  • had kayaks-small boats made for fishing
  • in southern parts there were forests: people hunted forest animals
20
Q

what was the northwest

A
  • in oregon, washington, canada
  • tribes: tlingit, coos
  • foresty
  • ate deer, bear, salmon, not farmers
  • lived in permanent settlements
  • had potlatches-ceremonies where hosts showered guests with gifts because they had so much food
21
Q

what was the far west

A
  • in california, nevada, idaho, utah, oregon
  • tribes: california area: pomo, great basin: shoshone, plateau: nez perce
  • climate: california: warm, great basin: deserty, plateau: hot summers and cold winters
  • houses: pomo lived in round houses, shoshone lived in teepees, nez perce lived in pit houses in the winter and grass houses in the summer
  • ate: pomo: hunted and fish, shoshone: followed food, new perce: hunted, fish
22
Q

what was the southwest

A
  • in arizona, new mexico
  • tribes: navajo, pueblo
  • dry or thunderstormy
  • followed food or hunted or farmed
  • lived in adobe houses-sun dried brick houses to protect themselves
23
Q

what was the great plains

A
  • from mississippi river to rocky mts
  • tribes:blackfeet, dakota
  • flat
  • farmed in the east
  • hunted in the west
  • lived in teepees
24
Q

what was the eastern woodlands

A
  • new york, vermont, maine, virginia
  • tribes: iroquois, algonquian: made up of 5 nations, each made up of clans-group of families who were related, chief of clan-sachem, went though war in 1500s, made League of iroquois to keep peace
  • forests
  • hunted and gathered and fished
25
Q

what is the southeast

A
  • florida, georgia, louisiana
  • tribes: cherokee, natchez
  • hot, humid
  • wood/straw houses
  • ruler-great sun
  • stinkards-lowest class
26
Q

who was muhammad

A

founder of islam

27
Q

how was islam founded

A

muhammad received a visit from angel gabriel and was told to spread the word of god in the 600s on the arabian peninsula, he preached about the quran, like the bible, islam spread though out asia, africa, and europe. muslims have made advancements in math, medicine, algebra, technology and astronomy

28
Q

what was zimbabwe

A

a powerful trade center in east africa in the 1400s, got rich because it taxed traders when they passed though

29
Q

what was kilwa

A

a powerful trading center on the coast of africa, developed a big slave trade

30
Q

how did people travel in the middle east

A

in caravans across the deserts

31
Q

what was ghana

A

a powerful trade center in west africa, got rich from trading salt and gold

32
Q

what was mali

A

a powerful trade center after ghana in west africa, in the 1200s became empire, ruler- mansa musa who took hajj- pilgrimage to mecca

33
Q

what was songhai

A

powerful trading center in west africa who captured timbucktu in 1468, traded salt, gold, slaves

34
Q

what is navigation

A

science of location positions and plotting the course of ships, invented by the chinese

35
Q

who was zheng he

A

chinese explorer who made several voyages though out asia and africa

36
Q

what was the silk road

A

great trade route from china to persia that traded mostly silk but became dangerous so soon became unused

37
Q

what is monotheism

A

the idea that there is only one god

38
Q

who is Jesus

A

founder of christianity

39
Q

what is salvation

A

everlasting light

40
Q

what is direct democracy

A

form of government in which an assembly of ordinary citizens makes the decisions, different from our government where we elect representatives

41
Q

what is a republic

A

form of government in which people choose representatives to govern them

42
Q

what is feudalism

A

system in which a ruler grants parts of his land to lords

43
Q

what are the crusades

A

the catholic church wanted to take control the holy land in 1095 and had nine wars but still didn’t win, got more in touch with muslims, tasted goods from holy land, got more advances in technology

44
Q

what is the renaissance

A

before the 1300s, there was a period where no advances in the arts were made. in the 1300s, a rebirth of learning happened and science and invention flourished, new nations controlled trade

45
Q

what is the reformation

A

in 1517, martin luther decided he wanted the catholic church to change the rules that he didn’t like. when it didn’t, he made his own religion-protestant, it made a lasting religion throughout the world

46
Q

who is henry the navigator

A

a portuguese explorer who helped determine latitude

47
Q

who is vasco de gama

A

a portuguese sailor who passed the southern tip of africa and discovered a new trade route

Social Studies (19 decks)

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