7th Grade Ch 1- Roots of the American People Flashcards
what are glaciers
thick sheets of ice
what is the land bridge theory
areas between now alaska and siberia which were once covered by ice melted and became land. people from siberia walked across and into america
what is the costal route theory
the first people crossed from siberia to alaska by boat
why did the first people had to change the way they got food
they were first hunter-gatherers but once they hunted all the animals and gathered all the berries and stuff they became deprived so they learned how to farm
what is irrigation
method to water crops by channeling water from rivers
what was the purpose of irrigation
to be able of farming in dry regions with no water because you could just get it from somewhere else
what is a surplus
extra
how did the first people get a surplus and what did they do with it
they could grow more food by farming so thats how they got a surplus. because they didn’t have to move around and they had extra food, not everybody had to worry about food so people started to think about government and religion. communities grew into cities
what is a civilization
an advanced culture in which people have developed cities, science, and industries
who are the mayas
- a civilization who thrived between 250-900
- lived in mexico and central america
- accomplishments: architecture, arts, government, language, accurate calendar, languages
- abandoned cities in 900, reason unknown, possible reasons: disease, overpopulation
who are the aztecs
- a civilization who thrived between 900-1400s
- lived in mexico (capital, tenochtitlan was in present day mexico city)
- accomplishments: roadways, terraces to grow crops, temples
- 1400- started conquering lots of other civilizations and were harsh to them: made them give treasure, food, high taxes
- later 1400s- conquered civilizations team up with europeans and rebel and take down aztecs
who are the incas
- civilization who thrived in 1400
- lived in south america along andes (capital was cuzco)
- accomplishments: architecture, engineering, metalwork, weaving
what is culture
way of life
who were the mound builders
- civilization who thrived 1000 bc-1400 ad
- people who settled between the appalachian mts and the mississippi valley
- built mounds out of dirt for burial places, public buildings
- groups: mississippians- built first cities in north america (capital- cahokia in il- had over 40000 people)
who were the anasazi
- civilization who thrived 1000bc-1300ad
- lived in utah, colorado, arizona, new mexico
- accomplishments: built cliff dwellings in communities of 1000 people, basket making, pottery, jewelry, trade
- abandoned cities in 1300
who were the hohokam
- civilization who thrived between 300bc-1450ad
- lived in present day arizona
- accomplishments: irrigation canals, trade (trade seashells-their money)
what is a cultural area
region in which groups of people have a similar way of life
what did people in cultural areas share
ways to get food (hunt, fish, gather, farm), houses, trade (seashells were currency), religion, oral traditions
what was in the far north
- in alaska, canada
- tribes: kutchin, inuit
- covered in ice
- ate fish, birds, whales, walrus
- had kayaks-small boats made for fishing
- in southern parts there were forests: people hunted forest animals
what was the northwest
- in oregon, washington, canada
- tribes: tlingit, coos
- foresty
- ate deer, bear, salmon, not farmers
- lived in permanent settlements
- had potlatches-ceremonies where hosts showered guests with gifts because they had so much food
what was the far west
- in california, nevada, idaho, utah, oregon
- tribes: california area: pomo, great basin: shoshone, plateau: nez perce
- climate: california: warm, great basin: deserty, plateau: hot summers and cold winters
- houses: pomo lived in round houses, shoshone lived in teepees, nez perce lived in pit houses in the winter and grass houses in the summer
- ate: pomo: hunted and fish, shoshone: followed food, new perce: hunted, fish
what was the southwest
- in arizona, new mexico
- tribes: navajo, pueblo
- dry or thunderstormy
- followed food or hunted or farmed
- lived in adobe houses-sun dried brick houses to protect themselves
what was the great plains
- from mississippi river to rocky mts
- tribes:blackfeet, dakota
- flat
- farmed in the east
- hunted in the west
- lived in teepees
what was the eastern woodlands
- new york, vermont, maine, virginia
- tribes: iroquois, algonquian: made up of 5 nations, each made up of clans-group of families who were related, chief of clan-sachem, went though war in 1500s, made League of iroquois to keep peace
- forests
- hunted and gathered and fished
what is the southeast
- florida, georgia, louisiana
- tribes: cherokee, natchez
- hot, humid
- wood/straw houses
- ruler-great sun
- stinkards-lowest class
who was muhammad
founder of islam
how was islam founded
muhammad received a visit from angel gabriel and was told to spread the word of god in the 600s on the arabian peninsula, he preached about the quran, like the bible, islam spread though out asia, africa, and europe. muslims have made advancements in math, medicine, algebra, technology and astronomy
what was zimbabwe
a powerful trade center in east africa in the 1400s, got rich because it taxed traders when they passed though
what was kilwa
a powerful trading center on the coast of africa, developed a big slave trade
how did people travel in the middle east
in caravans across the deserts
what was ghana
a powerful trade center in west africa, got rich from trading salt and gold
what was mali
a powerful trade center after ghana in west africa, in the 1200s became empire, ruler- mansa musa who took hajj- pilgrimage to mecca
what was songhai
powerful trading center in west africa who captured timbucktu in 1468, traded salt, gold, slaves
what is navigation
science of location positions and plotting the course of ships, invented by the chinese
who was zheng he
chinese explorer who made several voyages though out asia and africa
what was the silk road
great trade route from china to persia that traded mostly silk but became dangerous so soon became unused
what is monotheism
the idea that there is only one god
who is Jesus
founder of christianity
what is salvation
everlasting light
what is direct democracy
form of government in which an assembly of ordinary citizens makes the decisions, different from our government where we elect representatives
what is a republic
form of government in which people choose representatives to govern them
what is feudalism
system in which a ruler grants parts of his land to lords
what are the crusades
the catholic church wanted to take control the holy land in 1095 and had nine wars but still didn’t win, got more in touch with muslims, tasted goods from holy land, got more advances in technology
what is the renaissance
before the 1300s, there was a period where no advances in the arts were made. in the 1300s, a rebirth of learning happened and science and invention flourished, new nations controlled trade
what is the reformation
in 1517, martin luther decided he wanted the catholic church to change the rules that he didn’t like. when it didn’t, he made his own religion-protestant, it made a lasting religion throughout the world
who is henry the navigator
a portuguese explorer who helped determine latitude
who is vasco de gama
a portuguese sailor who passed the southern tip of africa and discovered a new trade route
